<rdf:RDF xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#" xmlns:dcterms="http://purl.org/dc/terms/">
<rdf:Description rdf:about="https://cpw.cvlcollections.org/items/show/403">
    <dcterms:title><![CDATA[Chemical immobilization in American black bears using a combination of nalbuphine, medetomidine, and azaperone]]></dcterms:title>
    <dcterms:subject><![CDATA[Black bear]]></dcterms:subject>
    <dcterms:subject><![CDATA[Atipamezole]]></dcterms:subject>
    <dcterms:subject><![CDATA[Azaperone]]></dcterms:subject>
    <dcterms:subject><![CDATA[Chemical immobilization]]></dcterms:subject>
    <dcterms:subject><![CDATA[Medetomidine]]></dcterms:subject>
    <dcterms:subject><![CDATA[Sedation]]></dcterms:subject>
    <dcterms:subject><![CDATA[Tranquilizer]]></dcterms:subject>
    <dcterms:description><![CDATA[Safe and effective but unscheduled drug combinations are needed for wildlife immobilization in some jurisdictions. To this end, we evaluated a combination of nalbuphine HCl (40 mg/mL), medetomidine HCl (10 mg/mL), and azaperone tartrate (10 mg/mL)—referred to as NalMed-A (or NAM)—in 28 American black bears (Ursus americanus), captured during June to August 2014 as part of an ongoing study conducted in and around Durango, Colorado, USA. We effectively immobilized all bears; induction (mean ¡ SE) was 16.2 ¡ 0.9 minutes (n 5 25) and reversal was 19 ¡ 1.6 minutes (n 5 24). Advantages of NalMed-A included low delivery volume, good sedation quality, and effective reversal. Moreover, NalMed-A does not contain compounds regulated by the U.S. Drug Enforcement Administration, making it a useful unscheduled immobilization combination. Based on these and subsequent field experiences, our dosing recommendations are 0.5–1 mL NalMed-A/45.5 kg estimated body mass (0.44–0.88 mg nalbuphine HCl/kg, 0.11–0.22 mg azaperone tartrate/kg, and 0.11–0.22 mg medetomidine HCl/kg), and 5 mg atipamezole HCl/mg medetomidine for antagonism.]]></dcterms:description>
    <dcterms:creator><![CDATA[Wolfe, Lisa L.]]></dcterms:creator>
    <dcterms:creator><![CDATA[Johnson, Heather E.]]></dcterms:creator>
    <dcterms:creator><![CDATA[Fisher, Mark C.]]></dcterms:creator>
    <dcterms:creator><![CDATA[Lance, William R.]]></dcterms:creator>
    <dcterms:creator><![CDATA[Smith, David K.]]></dcterms:creator>
    <dcterms:creator><![CDATA[Miller, Michael W.]]></dcterms:creator>
    <dcterms:dateAccepted><![CDATA[12/18/2015]]></dcterms:dateAccepted>
    <dcterms:dateSubmitted><![CDATA[06/15/2015]]></dcterms:dateSubmitted>
    <dcterms:issued><![CDATA[05/01/2016]]></dcterms:issued>
    <dcterms:rights><![CDATA[<a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC-NC/1.0/">IN COPYRIGHT - NON-COMMERCIAL USE PERMITTED</a>]]></dcterms:rights>
    <dcterms:isPartOf><![CDATA[Ursus]]></dcterms:isPartOf>
    <dcterms:format><![CDATA[application/pdf]]></dcterms:format>
    <dcterms:extent><![CDATA[4 pages]]></dcterms:extent>
    <dcterms:language><![CDATA[English]]></dcterms:language>
    <dcterms:type><![CDATA[Article]]></dcterms:type>
    <dcterms:bibliographicCitation><![CDATA[Wolfe, L. L., H. E. Johnson, M. C. Fisher, W. R. Lance, D. K. Smith, and M. W. Miller. 2016. Chemical immobilization in American black bears using a combination of nalbuphine, medetomidine, and azaperone. Ursus 27:1–4. https://doi.org/10.2192/URSUS–D–15–00018.1]]></dcterms:bibliographicCitation>
</rdf:Description></rdf:RDF>
