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                <text>Mammals Research Projects </text>
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              <text>Evaluating Factors Influencing Elk Recruitment in Colorado </text>
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              <text>&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Led By:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;a href="https://cpw.cvlcollections.org/items/show/630"&gt;Nathaniel Rayl&lt;/a&gt;,&lt;a href="https://cpw.cvlcollections.org/items/show/602"&gt; Mat Alldredge&lt;/a&gt;, and &lt;a href="https://cpw.cvlcollections.org/items/show/463"&gt;Chuck Anderson&lt;/a&gt;&#13;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Study Areas&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;ul&gt;&#13;
&lt;li&gt;Bear’s Ears elk herd (DAU E-2)&lt;/li&gt;&#13;
&lt;li&gt;Trinchera elk herd (DAU E-33)&lt;/li&gt;&#13;
&lt;li&gt;Uncompahgre Plateau elk herd (DAU E-20)&lt;/li&gt;&#13;
&lt;/ul&gt;&#13;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Project Status&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
Ongoing&#13;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Research Objectives&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;ul&gt;&#13;
&lt;li&gt;To estimate calf and adult female survival and cause-specific mortality rates&lt;/li&gt;&#13;
&lt;li&gt;To quantify pregnancy rates and nutritional condition&lt;/li&gt;&#13;
&lt;li&gt;To evaluate factors influencing survival, pregnancy rates, and nutritional condition&lt;/li&gt;&#13;
&lt;/ul&gt;&#13;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Project Description&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
In Colorado, elk are an important natural resource valued for ecological, consumptive, aesthetic, and economic reasons. In 1910, Colorado had less than 1,000 elk; today, the state population is estimated to be the largest in the country, with more than 290,000 elk. Over the last two decades, however, Colorado Parks and Wildlife has become increasingly concerned about declining calf recruitment (the number of calves making it to adulthood).&#13;
&lt;p&gt;In 2017, researchers began a 2-year pilot study to investigate factors influencing elk recruitment in two study areas in the state. The initial pilot project was expanded into a 3&lt;sup&gt;rd&lt;/sup&gt; study area in 2019 and the research continues to better understand elk population dynamics in Colorado and determine how predators, habitat, and weather conditions are impacting elk recruitment in Colorado.&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Reports:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;a href="https://cpw.cvlcollections.org/files/original/7275825e22516664628adf03224d1631.pdf"&gt;Pilot Study: Elk Recruitment and Habitat Use in Colorado (2017-2018)&lt;/a&gt;&#13;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="https://cpw.cvlcollections.org/files/original/eb70939c35cfe6de79639420bdf5e1e7.pdf"&gt;Evaluating Factors Influencing Elk Recruitment in Colorado (2019-current)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Publications:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
Crews, S., N.D. Rayl, M.W. Alldredge, E.J. Bergman, C.R. Anderson Jr., E.H. VanNatta, J.D. Holbrook, and G. Bastille-Rousseau. 2025. &lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.71097"&gt;Hierarchy in structuring of resource selection: understanding elk selection across space, time, and movement strategies&lt;/a&gt;. &lt;em&gt;Ecology and Evolution&lt;/em&gt; 15:e71097&lt;em&gt;.&lt;/em&gt;&#13;
&lt;p&gt;Crews, S., N.D. Rayl, M.W. Alldredge, E.J. Bergman, C.R. Anderson Jr., and G. Bastille-Rousseau. 2025. &lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-91947-4"&gt;Drivers of spring migration phenology in Rocky Mountain elk&lt;/a&gt;. &lt;em&gt;Scientific Reports&lt;/em&gt; 15:7807.&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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              <text>&lt;a href="https://cpw.cvlcollections.org/items/show/630"&gt;Rayl, Nathaniel&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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