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ID: Human expansion precipitates niche expansion for an opportunistic apex predator (Puma concolor)
Human expansion precipitates niche expansion for an opportunistic apex predator (<em>Puma concolor</em>)
Type: Article
Subjects: Animal behaviour
Conservation biology
Stable isotope analysis
Item
view first image of Human expansion precipitates niche expansion for an opportunistic apex predator (<em>Puma concolor</em>)
Human expansion precipitates niche expansion for an opportunistic apex predator (<em>Puma concolor</em>)
Type:Article
Subject:Animal behaviour
Conservation biology
Stable isotope analysis
Description:There is growing recognition that developed landscapes are important systems in which to promote ecological complexity and conservation. Yet, little is known about processes regulating these novel ecosystems, or behaviours employed by species adapting to them. We evaluated the isotopic niche of an apex carnivore, the cougar (Puma concolor), over broad spatiotemporal scales and in a region characterized by rapid landscape change. We detected a shift in resource use, from near complete specialization on native herbivores in wildlands to greater use of exotic and invasive species by cougars in contemporary urban interfaces. We show that 25 years ago, cougars inhabiting these same urban interfaces possessed diets that were intermediate. Thus, niche expansion followed human expansion over both time and space, indicating that an important top predator is interacting with prey in novel ways. Thus, though human-dominated landscapes can provide sufficient resources for apex carnivores, they do not necessarily preserve their ecological relationships. [show more]
ID: Human-Cougar interactions in the wildland-urban interface of Colorado's front range
Human-Cougar interactions in the wildland-urban interface of Colorado's front range
Type: Article
Subjects: Aversive conditioning
Colorado
Conflict
Cougar
Domestic predation
Human interaction
Livestock, predation
<em>Puma concolor</em>
Residential development
Wildland–urban interface
Item
view first image of Human-Cougar interactions in the wildland-urban interface of Colorado's front range
Human-Cougar interactions in the wildland-urban interface of Colorado's front range
Type:Article
Subject:Aversive conditioning
Colorado
Conflict
Cougar
Domestic predation
Human interaction
Livestock, predation
<em>Puma concolor</em>
Residential development
Wildland–urban interface
Description:As human populations continue to expand across the world, the need to understand and manage wildlife populations within the wildland–urban interface is becoming commonplace. This is especially true for large carnivores as these species are not always tolerated by the public and can pose a risk to human safety. Unfortunately, information on wildlife species within the wildland–urban interface is sparse, and knowledge from wildland ecosystems does not always translate well to human-dominated systems. Across western North America, cougars (Puma concolor) are routinely utilizing wildland–urban habitats while human use of these areas for homes and recreation is increasing. From 2007 to 2015, we studied cougar resource selection, human–cougar interaction, and cougar conflict management within the wildland–urban landscape of the northern Front Range in Colorado, USA. Resource selection of cougars within this landscape was typical of cougars in more remote settings but cougar interactions with humans tended to occur in locations cougars typically selected against, especially those in proximity to human structures. Within higher housing density areas, 83% of cougar use occurred at night, suggesting cougars generally avoided human activity by partitioning time. Only 24% of monitored cougars were reported for some type of conflict behavior but 39% of cougars sampled during feeding site investigations of GPS collar data were found to consume domestic prey items. Aversive conditioning was difficult to implement and generally ineffective for altering cougar behaviors but was thought to potentially have long-term benefits of reinforcing fear of humans in cougars within human-dominated areas experiencing little cougar hunting pressure. Cougars are able to exploit wildland–urban landscapes effectively, and conflict is relatively uncommon compared with the proportion of cougar use. Individual characteristics and behaviors of cougars within these areas are highly varied; therefore, conflict management is unique to each situation and should target individual behaviors. The ability of individual cougars to learn to exploit these environments with minimal human–cougar interactions suggests that maintaining older age structures, especially females, and providing a matrix of habitats, including large connected open-space areas, would be beneficial to cougars and effectively reduce the potential for conflict. [show more]
ID: Hunger mediates apex predator's risk avoidance response in wildland–urban interface
Hunger mediates apex predator's risk avoidance response in wildland–urban interface
Type: Article
Subjects: Camera traps
Cougar (<em>Puma concolor</em>)
Energetics
Housing avoidance
Human–predator conflict
Patch use
Risk–reward trade-off
Step selection function
Item
view first image of Hunger mediates apex predator's risk avoidance response in wildland–urban interface
Hunger mediates apex predator's risk avoidance response in wildland–urban interface
Type:Article
Subject:Camera traps
Cougar (<em>Puma concolor</em>)
Energetics
Housing avoidance
Human–predator conflict
Patch use
Risk–reward trade-off
Step selection function
Description:Puma (Puma concolor), an apex predator, can live at the edge of cities where pockets of low-density human dwellings form residential patches in the wildland–urban interface. Blecha, Boone, and Alldredge ( href="https://besjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/1365-2656.12815#jane12815-bib-0003" class="bibLink tab-link">2018) tracked puma via global positioning system (GPS) telemetry collars to determine when and where they hunted and made kills. Well-fed puma (1–2 days between kills) strongly avoided residential patches despite these areas having higher mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus) densities and higher kill success for puma. However, the strong avoidance of residential patches completely disappeared as puma became hungrier (4–10 days since last kill) making it more likely that hungry individuals hunted in residential areas and ultimately increasing the likelihood of puma–human conflict. [show more]
ID: Hunting Colorado: GMU 20 (Eastern Portion)
Hunting Colorado: GMU 20 (Eastern Portion)
Type:
Subjects:
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view first image of Hunting Colorado: GMU 20 (Eastern Portion)
Hunting Colorado: GMU 20 (Eastern Portion)
Description:Species covered: elk, mule deer Colorado's wildlife officer's pride themselves on knowing their districts better than anyone else. This knowledge is invaluable for hunters trying to make decisions on where to apply and/or start scouting. In an inclusive effort to better inform hunters, we're happy to be the first state in the nation to offer authentic online content straight from the local game warden's mouth! No script. No wannabe experts. Each officer brings to light answers to the most often asked questions they receive in their district, including access and issues that are germane to that specific portion of Colorado. Wildlife Officers sometimes transfer districts and for the most updated contact information, hunters should look at the Colorado Hunting Atlas or call the local CPW office. Buy hunting and fishing licenses: https://www.cpwshop.com Denver: 303-291-7227 Fort Collins: 970-472-4300 Brush: 970-842-6300 Full list of regional and area offices: https://cpw.state.co.us/aboutus/Pages/ContactUs.aspx Colorado Hunting Atlas: https://ndismaps.nrel.colostate.edu/index.html?app=HuntingAtlas Learn to Hunt Video Series: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLWGY7bVNQHtWLZQuFJtW-PUFGEIjpgec4 Hunting Regulations Brochures: https://cpw.state.co.us/aboutus/Pages/RegulationsBrochures.aspx [show more]
ID: Hunting Colorado: GMU 20 (Northern Half of Unit - Estes Valley)
Hunting Colorado: GMU 20 (Northern Half of Unit - Estes Valley)
Type:
Subjects:
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view first image of Hunting Colorado: GMU 20 (Northern Half of Unit - Estes Valley)
Hunting Colorado: GMU 20 (Northern Half of Unit - Estes Valley)
Description:Species covered: elk, mule deer, bear Colorado's wildlife officer's pride themselves on knowing their districts better than anyone else. This knowledge is invaluable for hunters trying to make decisions on where to apply and/or start scouting. In an inclusive effort to better inform hunters, we're happy to be the first state in the nation to offer authentic online content straight from the local game warden's mouth! No script. No wannabe experts. Each officer brings to light answers to the most often asked questions they receive in their district, including access and issues that are germane to that specific portion of Colorado. Wildlife Officers sometimes transfer districts and for the most updated contact information, hunters should look at the Colorado Hunting Atlas or call the local CPW office. Buy hunting and fishing licenses: https://www.cpwshop.com Denver: 303-291-7227 Fort Collins: 970-472-4300 Brush: 970-842-6300 Full list of regional and area offices: https://cpw.state.co.us/aboutus/Pages/ContactUs.aspx Colorado Hunting Atlas: https://ndismaps.nrel.colostate.edu/index.html?app=HuntingAtlas Learn to Hunt Video Series: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLWGY7bVNQHtWLZQuFJtW-PUFGEIjpgec4 Hunting Regulations Brochures: https://cpw.state.co.us/aboutus/Pages/RegulationsBrochures.aspx [show more]
ID: Hunting Colorado: GMU 20 (Southern Half of Unit)
Hunting Colorado: GMU 20 (Southern Half of Unit)
Type:
Subjects:
Item
view first image of Hunting Colorado: GMU 20 (Southern Half of Unit)
Hunting Colorado: GMU 20 (Southern Half of Unit)
Description:Species covered: elk, mule deer Colorado's wildlife officer's pride themselves on knowing their districts better than anyone else. This knowledge is invaluable for hunters trying to make decisions on where to apply and/or start scouting. In an inclusive effort to better inform hunters, we're happy to be the first state in the nation to offer authentic online content straight from the local game warden's mouth! No script. No wannabe experts. Each officer brings to light answers to the most often asked questions they receive in their district, including access and issues that are germane to that specific portion of Colorado. Wildlife Officers sometimes transfer districts and for the most updated contact information, hunters should look at the Colorado Hunting Atlas or call the local CPW office. Buy hunting and fishing licenses: https://www.cpwshop.com Denver: 303-291-7227 Fort Collins: 970-472-4300 Brush: 970-842-6300 Full list of regional and area offices: https://cpw.state.co.us/aboutus/Pages/ContactUs.aspx Colorado Hunting Atlas: https://ndismaps.nrel.colostate.edu/index.html?app=HuntingAtlas Learn to Hunt Video Series: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLWGY7bVNQHtWLZQuFJtW-PUFGEIjpgec4 Hunting Regulations Brochures: https://cpw.state.co.us/aboutus/Pages/RegulationsBrochures.aspx [show more]
ID: Hunting Colorado: GMU 29 (Southern Half of Unit)
Hunting Colorado: GMU 29 (Southern Half of Unit)
Type:
Subjects:
Item
view first image of Hunting Colorado: GMU 29 (Southern Half of Unit)
Hunting Colorado: GMU 29 (Southern Half of Unit)
Description:Species covered: elk, mule deer Colorado's wildlife officer's pride themselves on knowing their districts better than anyone else. This knowledge is invaluable for hunters trying to make decisions on where to apply and/or start scouting. In an inclusive effort to better inform hunters, we're happy to be the first state in the nation to offer authentic online content straight from the local game warden's mouth! No script. No wannabe experts. Each officer brings to light answers to the most often asked questions they receive in their district, including access and issues that are germane to that specific portion of Colorado. Wildlife Officers sometimes transfer districts and for the most updated contact information, hunters should look at the Colorado Hunting Atlas or call the local CPW office. Buy hunting and fishing licenses: https://www.cpwshop.com Denver: 303-291-7227 Fort Collins: 970-472-4300 Brush: 970-842-6300 Full list of regional and area offices: https://cpw.state.co.us/aboutus/Pages/ContactUs.aspx Colorado Hunting Atlas: https://ndismaps.nrel.colostate.edu/index.html?app=HuntingAtlas Learn to Hunt Video Series: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLWGY7bVNQHtWLZQuFJtW-PUFGEIjpgec4 Hunting Regulations Brochures: https://cpw.state.co.us/aboutus/Pages/RegulationsBrochures.aspx [show more]
ID: Hunting Colorado: GMU 38
Hunting Colorado: GMU 38
Type:
Subjects:
Item
view first image of Hunting Colorado: GMU 38
Hunting Colorado: GMU 38
Description:Species covered in these GMUs (Game Management Units): ​elk, deer Colorado's wildlife officer's pride themselves on knowing their districts better than anyone else. This knowledge is invaluable for hunters trying to make decisions on where to apply and/or start scouting. In an inclusive effort to better inform hunters, we're happy to be the first state in the nation to offer authentic online content straight from the local game warden's mouth! No script. No wannabe experts. Each officer brings to light answers to the most often asked questions they receive in their district, including access and issues that are germane to that specific portion of Colorado. Wildlife Officers sometimes transfer districts and for the most updated contact information, hunters should look at the Colorado Hunting Atlas or call the local CPW office. Buy hunting and fishing licenses: https://www.cpwshop.com Denver: 303-291-7227 Fort Collins: 970-472-4300 Brush: 970-842-6300 Full list of regional and area offices: https://cpw.state.co.us/aboutus/Pages/ContactUs.aspx Colorado Hunting Atlas: https://ndismaps.nrel.colostate.edu/index.html?app=HuntingAtlas Learn to Hunt Video Series: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLWGY7bVNQHtWLZQuFJtW-PUFGEIjpgec4 Hunting Regulations Brochures: https://cpw.state.co.us/aboutus/Pages/RegulationsBrochures.aspx [show more]
ID: Hunting Colorado: GMU's 19 & 20 (boarder of units)
Hunting Colorado: GMU's 19 & 20 (boarder of units)
Type:
Subjects:
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view first image of Hunting Colorado: GMU's 19 & 20 (boarder of units)
Hunting Colorado: GMU's 19 & 20 (boarder of units)
Description:Species covered: elk, mule deer Colorado's wildlife officer's pride themselves on knowing their districts better than anyone else. This knowledge is invaluable for hunters trying to make decisions on where to apply and/or start scouting. In an inclusive effort to better inform hunters, we're happy to be the first state in the nation to offer authentic online content straight from the local game warden's mouth! No script. No wannabe experts. Each officer brings to light answers to the most often asked questions they receive in their district, including access and issues that are germane to that specific portion of Colorado. Wildlife Officers sometimes transfer districts and for the most updated contact information, hunters should look at the Colorado Hunting Atlas or call the local CPW office. Buy hunting and fishing licenses: https://www.cpwshop.com Denver: 303-291-7227 Fort Collins: 970-472-4300 Brush: 970-842-6300 Full list of regional and area offices: https://cpw.state.co.us/aboutus/Pages/ContactUs.aspx Colorado Hunting Atlas: https://ndismaps.nrel.colostate.edu/index.html?app=HuntingAtlas Learn to Hunt Video Series: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLWGY7bVNQHtWLZQuFJtW-PUFGEIjpgec4 Hunting Regulations Brochures: https://cpw.state.co.us/aboutus/Pages/RegulationsBrochures.aspx [show more]
ID: Hunting Colorado: GMU's 38, 39, 391
Hunting Colorado: GMU's 38, 39, 391
Type:
Subjects:
Item
view first image of Hunting Colorado: GMU's 38, 39, 391
Hunting Colorado: GMU's 38, 39, 391
Description:Species covered in these GMUs (Game Management Units): elk, mule deer, turkey and small game Colorado's wildlife officer's pride themselves on knowing their districts better than anyone else.  This knowledge is invaluable for hunters trying to make decisions on where to apply and/or start scouting. In an inclusive effort to better inform hunters, we're happy to be the first state in the nation to offer authentic online content straight from the local game warden's mouth! No script. No wannabe experts. Each officer brings to light answers to the most often asked questions they receive in their district, including access and issues that are germane to that specific portion of Colorado. Wildlife Officers sometimes transfer districts and for the most updated contact information, hunters should look at the Colorado Hunting Atlas or call the local CPW office. Buy hunting and fishing licenses: https://www.cpwshop.com Denver: 303-291-7227 Fort Collins: 970-472-4300 Brush: 970-842-6300 Full list of regional and area offices: https://cpw.state.co.us/aboutus/Pages/ContactUs.aspx Colorado Hunting Atlas: https://ndismaps.nrel.colostate.edu/index.html?app=HuntingAtlas Learn to Hunt Video Series: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLWGY7bVNQHtWLZQuFJtW-PUFGEIjpgec4 Hunting Regulations Brochures:  https://cpw.state.co.us/aboutus/Pages/RegulationsBrochures.aspx [show more]