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Description:Species covered in these GMUs (Game Management Units): elk, mule deer Colorado's wildlife officer's pride themselves on knowing their districts better than anyone else. This knowledge is invaluable for hunters trying to make decisions on where to apply and/or start scouting. In an inclusive effort to better inform hunters, we're happy to be the first state in the nation to offer authentic online content straight from the local game warden's mouth! No script. No wannabe experts. Each officer brings to light answers to the most often asked questions they receive in their district, including access and issues that are germane to that specific portion of Colorado. Wildlife Officers sometimes transfer districts and for the most updated contact information, hunters should look at the Colorado Hunting Atlas or call the local CPW office. Buy hunting and fishing licenses: https://www.cpwshop.com Denver: 303-291-7227 Fort Collins: 970-472-4300 Brush: 970-842-6300 Full list of regional and area offices: https://cpw.state.co.us/aboutus/Pages/ContactUs.aspx Colorado Hunting Atlas: https://ndismaps.nrel.colostate.edu/index.html?app=HuntingAtlas Learn to Hunt Video Series: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLWGY7bVNQHtWLZQuFJtW-PUFGEIjpgec4 Hunting Regulations Brochures: https://cpw.state.co.us/aboutus/Pages/RegulationsBrochures.aspx [show more]
Description:Species covered: elk, mule deer, pronghorn Colorado's wildlife officer's pride themselves on knowing their districts better than anyone else. This knowledge is invaluable for hunters trying to make decisions on where to apply and/or start scouting. In an inclusive effort to better inform hunters, we're happy to be the first state in the nation to offer authentic online content straight from the local game warden's mouth! No script. No wannabe experts. Each officer brings to light answers to the most often asked questions they receive in their district, including access and issues that are germane to that specific portion of Colorado. Wildlife Officers sometimes transfer districts and for the most updated contact information, hunters should look at the Colorado Hunting Atlas or call the local CPW office. Buy hunting and fishing licenses: https://www.cpwshop.com Denver: 303-291-7227 Fort Collins: 970-472-4300 Brush: 970-842-6300 Full list of regional and area offices: https://cpw.state.co.us/aboutus/Pages/ContactUs.aspx Colorado Hunting Atlas: https://ndismaps.nrel.colostate.edu/index.html?app=HuntingAtlas Learn to Hunt Video Series: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLWGY7bVNQHtWLZQuFJtW-PUFGEIjpgec4 Hunting Regulations Brochures: https://cpw.state.co.us/aboutus/Pages/RegulationsBrochures.aspx [show more]
Description:Species covered: deer, turkey, waterfowl, small game, fishing Colorado's wildlife officer's pride themselves on knowing their districts better than anyone else. This knowledge is invaluable for hunters trying to make decisions on where to apply and/or start scouting. In an inclusive effort to better inform hunters, we're happy to be the first state in the nation to offer authentic online content straight from the local game warden's mouth! No script. No wannabe experts. Each officer brings to light answers to the most often asked questions they receive in their district, including access and issues that are germane to that specific portion of Colorado. Wildlife Officers sometimes transfer districts and for the most updated contact information, hunters should look at the Colorado Hunting Atlas or call the local CPW office. Buy hunting and fishing licenses: https://www.cpwshop.com Denver: 303-291-7227 Fort Collins: 970-472-4300 Brush: 970-842-6300 Full list of regional and area offices: https://cpw.state.co.us/aboutus/Pages/ContactUs.aspx Colorado Hunting Atlas: https://ndismaps.nrel.colostate.edu/index.html?app=HuntingAtlas Learn to Hunt Video Series: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLWGY7bVNQHtWLZQuFJtW-PUFGEIjpgec4 Hunting Regulations Brochures: https://cpw.state.co.us/aboutus/Pages/RegulationsBrochures.aspx [show more]
Description:Species covered: Mule Deer, Whitetail Deer, Pheasants, Turkey, Walleye Fishing Colorado's wildlife officer's pride themselves on knowing their districts better than anyone else. This knowledge is invaluable for hunters trying to make decisions on where to apply and/or start scouting. In an inclusive effort to better inform hunters, we're happy to be the first state in the nation to offer authentic online content straight from the local game warden's mouth! No script. No wannabe experts. Each officer brings to light answers to the most often asked questions they receive in their district, including access and issues that are germane to that specific portion of Colorado. Wildlife Officers sometimes transfer districts and for the most updated contact information, hunters should look at the Colorado Hunting Atlas or call the local CPW office. Buy hunting and fishing licenses: https://www.cpwshop.com Denver: 303-291-7227 Fort Collins: 970-472-4300 Brush: 970-842-6300 Full list of regional and area offices: https://cpw.state.co.us/aboutus/Pages/ContactUs.aspx Colorado Hunting Atlas: https://ndismaps.nrel.colostate.edu/index.html?app=HuntingAtlas Learn to Hunt Video Series: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLWGY7bVNQHtWLZQuFJtW-PUFGEIjpgec4 Hunting Regulations Brochures: https://cpw.state.co.us/aboutus/Pages/RegulationsBrochures.aspx [show more]
Description:Species covered: Mule Deer, Whitetail, Pronghorn, Waterfowl, Turkey, Small Game Colorado's wildlife officer's pride themselves on knowing their districts better than anyone else. This knowledge is invaluable for hunters trying to make decisions on where to apply and/or start scouting. In an inclusive effort to better inform hunters, we're happy to be the first state in the nation to offer authentic online content straight from the local game warden's mouth! No script. No wannabe experts. Each officer brings to light answers to the most often asked questions they receive in their district, including access and issues that are germane to that specific portion of Colorado. Wildlife Officers sometimes transfer districts and for the most updated contact information, hunters should look at the Colorado Hunting Atlas or call the local CPW office. Buy hunting and fishing licenses: https://www.cpwshop.com Denver: 303-291-7227 Fort Collins: 970-472-4300 Brush: 970-842-6300 Full list of regional and area offices: https://cpw.state.co.us/aboutus/Pages/ContactUs.aspx Colorado Hunting Atlas: https://ndismaps.nrel.colostate.edu/index.html?app=HuntingAtlas Learn to Hunt Video Series: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLWGY7bVNQHtWLZQuFJtW-PUFGEIjpgec4 Hunting Regulations Brochures: https://cpw.state.co.us/aboutus/Pages/RegulationsBrochures.aspx [show more]
Description:Species covered: Mule Deer, Whitetails Colorado's wildlife officer's pride themselves on knowing their districts better than anyone else. This knowledge is invaluable for hunters trying to make decisions on where to apply and/or start scouting. In an inclusive effort to better inform hunters, we're happy to be the first state in the nation to offer authentic online content straight from the local game warden's mouth! No script. No wannabe experts. Each officer brings to light answers to the most often asked questions they receive in their district, including access and issues that are germane to that specific portion of Colorado. Wildlife Officers sometimes transfer districts and for the most updated contact information, hunters should look at the Colorado Hunting Atlas or call the local CPW office. Buy hunting and fishing licenses: https://www.cpwshop.com Denver: 303-291-7227 Fort Collins: 970-472-4300 Brush: 970-842-6300 Full list of regional and area offices: https://cpw.state.co.us/aboutus/Pages/ContactUs.aspx Colorado Hunting Atlas: https://ndismaps.nrel.colostate.edu/index.html?app=HuntingAtlas Learn to Hunt Video Series: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLWGY7bVNQHtWLZQuFJtW-PUFGEIjpgec4 Hunting Regulations Brochures: https://cpw.state.co.us/aboutus/Pages/RegulationsBrochures.aspx [show more]
Type: Fact Sheet
Subjects: Wildlife diseases
Echinococcosis
Type:Fact Sheet
Subject:Wildlife diseases
Echinococcosis
Description:Fact sheet covering species affected in Colorado, what to look for, cause and transmission, and public health considerations.
Description:

Led ByChad Bishop

Study AreaUncompahgre Plateau 

Project StatusCompleted, 2005

Research Objectives

  • To evaluate the importance of habitat quality on mule deer population dynamics.
  • To determine management priorities to reverse mule deer population declines.

Project Description

In the 1990s, mule deer populations began to decline across the western United States. CPW researchers set out to identify reasons for the decline, focusing on those factors that could be controlled through management efforts. Researchers recognized both habitat quality and predation as possible factors, but did not know which one played a larger role in mule deer population declines. 

To evaluate habitat as a limiting factor, researchers measured the effect of habitat enhancements on mule deer survival and fawn recruitment during a six-year study. 

During the winter months, researchers artificially enhanced habitat quality by distributing feed supplement pellets around the study area to improve deer nutrition. Predation levels were left unchanged. Researchers then measured pregnancy rates, doe body condition, and doe and fawn survival rates in the supplemented area and in an un-supplemented control area. Halfway through the study, the treatment and control areas were reversed in a crossover design.

Fawn survival in the supplemented area was significantly greater than in the control area during the winter, which resulted in a positive rate of population increase. These results provided clear evidence that nutrition and habitat quality were important factors contributing to deer population declines. 

This CPW project aligned with a research project conducted by the Idaho Fish and Game Department, which found that predator control had a smaller positive effect on declining mule deer populations.

Although completed in 2005, this project still serves as a reference and basis for many of CPW's current research projects. This project also helped wildlife managers determine factors that could be managed to reverse mule deer population declines.

Resources

​​​West Slope Mule Deer Strategy​Bishop, Chad J. and Gary C. White. 2001-2006. Effect of nutrition and habitat enhancements on mule deer recruitment and survival rates. Colorado Division of Wildlife. (Compiled progress reports from a Federal Aid project).

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Type: Article
Subjects: Canada lynx
Generalizability
GPS telemetry data
Local adaptation
Niche similarity
Regional variation
Sample size
Species distribution model
Transferability
Type:Article
Subject:Canada lynx
Generalizability
GPS telemetry data
Local adaptation
Niche similarity
Regional variation
Sample size
Species distribution model
Transferability
Description:The application of species distribution models (SDMs) to areas outside of where a model was created allows informed decisions across large spatial scales, yet transferability remains a challenge in ecological modeling. We examined how regional variation in animal-environment relationships influenced model transferability for Canada lynx (Lynx canadensis), with an additional conservation aim of modeling lynx habitat across the northwestern United States. Simultaneously, we explored the effect of sample size from GPS data on SDM model performance and transferability. We used data from three geographically distinct Canada lynx populations in Washington (n = 17 individuals), Montana (n = 66), and Wyoming (n = 10) from 1996 to 2015. We assessed regional variation in lynx-environment relationships between these three populations using principal components analysis (PCA). We used ensemble modeling to develop SDMs for each population and all populations combined and assessed model prediction and transferability for each model scenario using withheld data and an extensive independent dataset (n = 650). Finally, we examined GPS data efficiency by testing models created with sample sizes of 5%–100% of the original datasets. PCA results indicated some differences in environmental characteristics between populations; models created from individual populations showed differential transferability based on the populations' similarity in PCA space. Despite population differences, a single model created from all populations performed as well, or better, than each individual population. Model performance was mostly insensitive to GPS sample size, with a plateau in predictive ability reached at ~30% of the total GPS dataset when initial sample size was large. Based on these results, we generated well-validated spatial predictions of Canada lynx distribution across a large portion of the species' southern range, with precipitation and temperature the primary environmental predictors in the model. We also demonstrated substantial redundancy in our large GPS dataset, with predictive performance insensitive to sample sizes above 30% of the original. [show more]
Type:Article
Subject:Geographic Information Systems (GIS)
Quality Improvement
Animal Distribution
Cluster Analysis
Puma
Research
Animal behavior
Global positioning systems (GPS)
Mathematical models
Telemetry
Description:Animal space use studies using GPS collar technology are increasingly incorporating behavior based analysis of spatio-temporal data in order to expand inferences of resource use. GPS location cluster analysis is one such technique applied to large carnivores to identify the timing and location of feeding events. For logistical and financial reasons, researchers often implement predictive models for identifying these events. We present two separate improvements for predictive models that future practitioners can implement. Thus far, feeding prediction models have incorporated a small range of covariates, usually limited to spatio-temporal characteristics of the GPS data. Using GPS collared cougar (Puma concolor) we include activity sensor data as an additional covariate to increase prediction performance of feeding presence/absence. Integral to the predictive modeling of feeding events is a ground-truthing component, in which GPS location clusters are visited by human observers to confirm the presence or absence of feeding remains. Failing to account for sources of ground-truthing false-absences can bias the number of predicted feeding events to be low. Thus we account for some ground-truthing error sources directly in the model with covariates and when applying model predictions. Accounting for these errors resulted in a 10% increase in the number of clusters predicted to be feeding events. Using a double-observer design, we show that the ground-truthing false-absence rate is relatively low (4%) using a search delay of 2–60 days. Overall, we provide two separate improvements to the GPS cluster analysis techniques that can be expanded upon and implemented in future studies interested in identifying feeding behaviors of large carnivores. [show more]