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ID: Kelly Carlson
Kelly Carlson
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Kelly Carlson
Description:Aquatic Research Program Assistant

Contact InformationColorado Parks and Wildlife317 West Prospect StreetFort Collins, CO 80526Phone: (970) 472-4320Fax: (970) 472-4457​​Email:  href="mailto:kelly.carlson@state.co.us%E2%80%8B%E2%80%8B%E2%80%8B">kelly.carlson@state.co.us​​​

EducationB.S., Fishery Biology — Colorado State University, 1999

Current or Recent PositionsProgram Assistant I — Colorado Parks and Wi​ldlife, 2014-Current​​

Areas of Interest/Expertise

Support the Aquatic Research Section's internal contracting, budgeting, accounting, and human resource procedures with regulatory and procedural compliance. [show more]
ID: Kevin B. Rogers
Kevin B. Rogers
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view first image of Kevin B. Rogers
Kevin B. Rogers
Description:Aquatic Research Scientist Native Cutthroat Trout

Contact Information

Aquatic Research GroupColorado Parks and WildlifePO Box 775777         Steamboat Springs, CO  80477Phone: (970) 846-7145Email: kevin.rogers@state.co.us

Education

  • Ph.D., Fishery Science — Colorado State University, 1998
  • M.S., Fishery Science — Colorado State University, 1993
  • B.S., Biology — University of Colorado, 1988
  • B.S., Molecular Biology  — University of Colorado, 1988

Current or Recent Positions

  • Aquatic Research Scientist — Colorado Parks and Wildlife, 2003-Present
  • Aquatic Biologist — Colorado Parks and Wildlife, 2000-2003
  • Aquatic Technician — Colorado Parks and Wildlife, 1996-2000
  • Research Associate — Colorado Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research, 1990-1996

Areas of Interest/Expertise

My primary research covers all aspects of cutthroat trout conservation and management but has been focused recently on developing the taxonomy of southern Rocky Mountain subspecies. In addition, I maintain ongoing projects dealing with hydroacoustics, mountain whitefish, northern pike, and tiger trout.

Current or Recent Research Projects

  • Cutthroat trout taxonomy – molecular and meristic investigations
  • Fitness in small populations - consequences of genetic bottlenecks
  • Adaptive capacity in cutthroat trout
  • Population viability
  • Mechanical removal of competing non-native salmonids
  • Cutthroat trout movement and habitat use in small streams
  • Methods to improve success of salmonid wild spawn operations
  • Hydroacoustic methods to estimate trout population and individual size
  • Software development
    • Temperature monitoring
    • Fishery data analysis 
    • Telemetry 
    • Hydroacoustic data
    • Bootstrapping

Select Publications

Rogers, K. B., J. R. Anderson, S. F. Brinkman and A. P. Martin. 2022. Inbreeding depression reduces fitness in Colorado’s last remaining Greenback Cutthroat Trout: consequences for management. Pages 185-194 in J. S. Gregory, editor. Proceedings of Wild Trout XIII Symposium: reducing the gap between science and public opinion. West Yellowstone, Montana. Herrmann, S. J., D. W. R. Nimmo, J. S. Carsella, I. V. Melnykov, C. M. Kennedy, K. B. Rogers, and L. M. Hermann-Hoesing. 2020. Differential bioaccumulation of mercury and selenium in stomach contents and tissues of three Colorado, USA, Cutthroat Trout populations. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 104:595-601.Budy, P., K. B. Rogers, Y. Kanno, B. Penaluna, N. P. Hitt, G. P. Thiede, J. Dunham, C. Mellison, and W. L. Somer. 2019. Distribution and status of trouts and chars in North America. Pages 193-250 in J. L. Kershner, J. E. Williams, R. E. Gresswell, and J. Lobon-Cervia, editors. Trout and char of the world. American Fisheries Society, Bethesda, MarylandZeigler, M. P., K. B. Rogers, J. J. Roberts, A. S. Todd, and K. D. Fausch.  2019.  Predicting persistence of Rio Grande Cutthroat Trout populations in an uncertain future.  North American Journal of Fisheries Management 39:819-848.

Bestgen, K. R., K. B. Rogers, R. Granger.  2019.  Distinct phenotypes of native Cutthroat Trout emerge under a molecular model of lineage distributions.  Transactions of the American Fisheries Society 148:442-463

Herrmann, S, D. Nimmo, J. Carsella, C. Kennedy, K. B. Rogers, J. Wood, L. H. Hoesing, and B. V. Heuvel. 2018. Mercury and Selenium in twelve Cutthroat Trout tissues from high-elevation Colorado lakes (USA): Intraspecific and interspecific comparisons. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society 147:444-458.Rogers, K. B., K. R. Bestgen, S. M. Love Stowell, and A. P. Martin.  2018.  Cutthroat Trout diversity in the southern Rocky Mountains.  Pages 323-341 in P. Trotter, P. Bisson, B. Roper, and L. Schultz, editors.  Evolutionary biology and taxonomy of Cutthroat Trout (Oncorhynchus clarkii), American Fisheries Society Special Publication 36, Bethesda, Maryland.Hodge, B., K. Battige, and K. B. Rogers. 2017. Seasonal and temperature-related movement of Colorado River cutthroat trout in a low-elevation, Rocky Mountain stream. Ecology and Evolution 7:2346–2356.Hodge, B. W., E. R. Fetherman, K. B. Rogers, and R. Henderson. 2017. Effectiveness of a fishway for restoring passage of Colorado River cutthroat trout. North American Journal of Fisheries Management 37(6):1332-1340.Penaluna, B. E. A. Abadía-Cardoso, J. B. Dunham, F. J. García-Dé León, R. E. Gresswell, A.Ruiz Luna, E. B. Taylor, B. B. Shepard, R. Al-Chokhachy, C. C. Muhlfeld, K. R. Bestgen, K. B. Rogers, M. A. Escalante, E. R. Keeley, G. M. Temple, J. E. Williams, K. R. Matthews, R. Pierce, R. L. Mayden, R. P. Kovach, J. C. Garza, and K. D. Fausch. 2016. Conservation of native Pacific trout diversity in western North America. Fisheries 41:286-300.Hodge, B. W., R. Henderson, K. B. Rogers, and K. Battige. 2015. Efficacy of portable PIT detectors for tracking long-term movement of Colorado River Cutthroat Trout in a small montane stream. North American Journal of Fisheries Management 35:605-610.Rogers, K. B., K. R. Bestgen, and J. Epp. 2015. Using genetic diversity to inform conservation efforts for native Cutthroat Trout of the southern Rocky Mountains. Pages 218-228 in Carline, R.F., and C. LoSapio, editors.  Proceedings of the Wild Trout XI symposium, Bozeman, Montana.  

Brinkman, S. F., H. J. Crockett, and K. B. Rogers.  2013.  Upper thermal tolerance of mountain whitefish (Prosopium williamsoni) eggs and fry.  Transactions of the American Fisheries Society 142:824-831.

Metcalf, J. L., S. L. Stowell, C. M. Kennedy, K. B. Rogers, J. Epp, K. Keepers, A. Cooper, J. J. Austin, A. P. Martin. 2012. Historical stocking data and 19th century DNA reveal human-induced changes to native diversity and distribution of cutthroat trout. Molecular Ecology 21:5194-5207.

Underwood, Z. E., C. A. Myrick, and K. B. Rogers. 2012. Effect of acclimation temperature and the upper thermal tolerance of Colorado River cutthroat trout Oncorhynchus clarkii pleuriticus. Journal of Fish Biology 80:2420-2433.

Rogers, K. B. 2010. Cutthroat trout taxonomy: exploring the heritage of Colorado's state fish. Carline, R. F., and C. LoSapio, editors. Conserving wild trout. Proceedings of the Wild Trout X Symposium, Bozeman, Montana. Available online at www.wildtroutsymposium.com

Rogers, K. B., and G. C. White. 2007. Analysis of movement and habitat use from telemetry data. M. Brown and C. Guy, editors. Analysis and interpretation of freshwater fisheries data. American Fisheries Society, Bethesda, Maryland.Recent Reports

Rogers, K. B., J. White, and M. Japhet.  2018.  Rediscovery of a lost Cutthroat Trout lineage in the San Juan Mountains of southwest Colorado.  Colorado Parks and Wildlife report, Steamboat Springs.

Rogers, K. B.  2015.  User manual for WaTSS 3.0 (Water temperature summary software).  Colorado Parks and Wildlife, Steamboat Springs, Colorado.

Bestgen, K, R., K. B. Rogers, and R. Granger.  2013.  Phenotype predicts genotype for lineages of native cutthroat trout in the southern Rocky Mountains.  Final Report to U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Colorado Field Office, Denver Federal Center (MS 65412), Denver, CO. Larval Fish Laboratory Contribution 177.

Rogers, K. B.  2012. Piecing together the past: using DNA to resolve the heritage of our state fish. Colorado Outdoors 61(5):28-32

 [show more]
ID: Keystone structures maintain forest function for Canada lynx after large-scale spruce beetle outbreak
Keystone structures maintain forest function for Canada lynx after large-scale spruce beetle outbreak
Type: Article
Subjects: Bhattacharyya’s affinity overlap
Canada lynx
Forest disturbance
Keystone structures
Item
view first image of Keystone structures maintain forest function for Canada lynx after large-scale spruce beetle outbreak
Keystone structures maintain forest function for Canada lynx after large-scale spruce beetle outbreak
Type:Article
Subject:Bhattacharyya’s affinity overlap
Canada lynx
Forest disturbance
Keystone structures
Description:Central to species conservation in an era of increased disturbance from climate change is understanding the primary mechanisms that facilitate how forest-dependent species respond to changes in forest structure and composition. Here, we leveraged a natural experiment to investigate how changed forest structure and function pre-spruce-beetle (Dendroctonus rufipennis) and post-beetle disturbance influenced the regional distribution of Canada lynx (Lynx canadensis) at their southern range periphery. We compared the distribution of Canada lynx that were reintroduced into Colorado, USA from 1999–2006 to the current (2015–2017) distribution following a spatial large-scale spruce beetle outbreak from 2007 to 2016. Canada lynx did not substantially alter their distribution following the wide-spread alteration of forest structure and composition following the insect outbreak. We used the Bhattacharyya’s affinity metric to document that core (50% isopleth) and overall population ranges (95% isopleth) overlapped significantly at 50% and 77% respectively. In addition, areas of low and high relative use remained similar after the bark beetle outbreak and mapped onto one another in nearly a 1:1 fashion (Spearman rank correlation = 0.92, p < 0.01). The low impact of forest change on distribution was due to the keystone habitat elements (high horizontal forest cover, snowshoe hares) that remained functional. Thus, our results highlight that conservation scientists should increase their focus to understand the underlying mechanisms that impact wildlife distributions as climate-related disturbances becomes ever more amplified. [show more]
ID: Known positive waters for ANS in Colorado
Known positive waters for ANS in Colorado
Type: Text
Subjects: Aquatic nuisance species
ANS
Item
view first image of Known positive waters for ANS in Colorado
Known positive waters for ANS in Colorado
Type:Text
Subject:Aquatic nuisance species
ANS
Description:Definition from the ANS Act (SB08-226): "AQUATIC NUISANCE SPECIES" MEANS EXOTIC OR NONNATIVE AQUATIC WILDLIFE OR ANY PLANT SPECIES THAT HAVE BEEN DETERMINED BY THE BOARD TO POSE A SIGNIFICANT THREAT TO THE AQUATIC RESOURCES OR WATER INFRASTRUCTURE OF THE STATE.” [show more]
ID: Lake and Reservoir Ecology Research Projects
Lake and Reservoir Ecology Research Projects
Type:
Subjects:
Item
view first image of Lake and Reservoir Ecology Research Projects
Lake and Reservoir Ecology Research Projects
Description:

CPW Lake and Reservoir research scientists devote themselves to understanding and improving fisheries throughout the state. 

Their research focuses on food web structures, lake and reservoir characteristics, understanding and managing prey bases, growth and condition of sport fish and how sport fish interact with each other. 

Research scientists use a combination of new and long-standing techniques to address issues facing sport fisheries in Colorado.

Lake and Reservoir Ecology Research Projects:

 [show more]
ID: Lake Trout Population Monitoring Fact Sheet
Lake Trout Population Monitoring Fact Sheet
Type:
Subjects:
Item
view first image of Lake Trout Population Monitoring Fact Sheet<br />
Lake Trout Population Monitoring Fact Sheet
ID: Landscape and anthropogenic features influence the use of auditory vigilance by mule deer
Landscape and anthropogenic features influence the use of auditory vigilance by mule deer
Type: Article
Subjects: Acoustic ecology
<em>Odocoileus hemionus</em>
Vigilance
Mule deer
Item
view first image of Landscape and anthropogenic features influence the use of auditory vigilance by mule deer
Landscape and anthropogenic features influence the use of auditory vigilance by mule deer
Type:Article
Subject:Acoustic ecology
<em>Odocoileus hemionus</em>
Vigilance
Mule deer
Description:While visual forms of vigilance behavior and their relationship with predation risk have been broadly examined, animals also employ other vigilance modalities such as auditory vigilance by listening for the acoustic cues of predators. Similar to the tradeoffs associated with visual vigilance, auditory behavior potentially structures the energy budgets and behavior of animals. The cryptic nature of auditory vigilance makes it difficult to study, but on-animal acoustical monitoring has rapidly advanced our ability to investigate behaviors and conditions related to sound. We utilized this technique to investigate the ways external stimuli in an active natural gas development field affect periodic pausing by mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus) within bouts of rumination-based mastication. To better understand the ecological properties that structure this behavior, we investigate spatial and temporal factors related to these pauses to determine if results are consistent with our hypothesis that pausing is used for auditory vigilance. We found that deer paused more when in forested cover and at night, where visual vigilance was likely to be less effective. Additionally, deer paused more in areas of moderate background sound levels, though responses to anthropogenic features were less clear. Our results suggest that pauses during rumination represent a form of auditory vigilance that is responsive to landscape variables. Further exploration of this behavior can facilitate a more holistic understanding of risk perception and the costs associated with vigilance behavior. [show more]
ID: Large-scale movement behavior in a reintroduced predator population
Large-scale movement behavior in a reintroduced predator population
Type: Article
Subjects: Analysis
Animal behavior
Endangered species
Lynx
Item
view first image of Large-scale movement behavior in a reintroduced predator population
Large-scale movement behavior in a reintroduced predator population
Type:Article
Subject:Analysis
Animal behavior
Endangered species
Lynx
Description:Understanding movement behavior and identifying areas of landscape connectivity is critical for the conservation of many species. However, collecting fine-scale movement data can be prohibitively time consuming and costly, especially for rare or endangered species, whereas existing data sets may provide the best available information on animal movement. Contemporary movement models may not be an option for modeling existing data due to low temporal resolution and large or unusual error structures, but inference can still be obtained using a functional movement modeling approach. We use a functional movement model to perform a population-level analysis of telemetry data collected during the reintroduction of Canada lynx to Colorado. Little is known about southern lynx populations compared to those in Canada and Alaska, and inference is often limited to a few individuals due to their low densities. Our analysis of a population of Canada lynx fills significant gaps in the knowledge of Canada lynx behavior at the southern edge of its historical range. We analyzed functions of individual-level movement paths, such as speed, residence time, and tortuosity, and identified a region of connectivity that extended north from the San Juan Mountains, along the continental divide, and terminated in Wyoming at the northern edge of the Southern Rocky Mountains. Individuals were able to traverse large distances across non-boreal habitat, including exploratory movements to the Greater Yellowstone area and beyond. We found evidence for an effect of seasonality and breeding status on many of the movement quantities and documented a potential reintroduction effect. Our findings provide the first analysis of Canada lynx movement in Colorado and substantially augment the information available for conservation and management decisions. The functional movement framework can be extended to other species and demonstrates that information on movement behavior can be obtained using existing data sets. [show more]
ID: Latitudinal variation in snowshoe hare (Lepus americanus) body mass: a test of Bergmann’s rule
Latitudinal variation in snowshoe hare (<em>Lepus americanus</em>) body mass: a test of Bergmann’s rule
Type: Article
Subjects: Snowshoe hare
<em>Lepus americanus</em>
Latitudinal variation
Energy expenditure
Food supply
Winter
Snow depth
Growing season
Item
view first image of Latitudinal variation in snowshoe hare (<em>Lepus americanus</em>) body mass: a test of Bergmann’s rule
Latitudinal variation in snowshoe hare (<em>Lepus americanus</em>) body mass: a test of Bergmann’s rule
Type:Article
Subject:Snowshoe hare
<em>Lepus americanus</em>
Latitudinal variation
Energy expenditure
Food supply
Winter
Snow depth
Growing season
Description:The relationship between body size and latitude has been the focus of dozens of studies across many species. However, results of testing Bergmann’s rule — that organisms in colder climates or at higher latitudes possess larger body sizes — have been inconsistent across studies. We investigated whether snowshoe hares (Lepus americanus Erxleben, 1777) follow Bergmann’s rule by investigating differences in body mass using data from six published studies and from data of 755 individual hares captured from 10 populations across North America covering 26° of north latitude. We also explored alternative hypotheses related to variation in hare body mass, including winter severity, length of growing season, elevation, and snow depth. We found body mass of hares varied throughout their range, but the drivers of body mass differed based on geographic location. In northern populations, females followed Bergmann’s rule, whereas males did not. In northern populations, male mass was related to mean snow depth. In contrast, in southern populations, body mass of both sexes was related to length of the growing season. These differences likely represent variation in the drivers of selection. Specifically, in the north, a large body size is beneficial to conserve heat because of low winter temperatures, whereas in the south, it is likely due to increased food supply associated with longer growing seasons.Le lien entre la taille du corps et la latitude a fait l’objet de dizaines d’études portant sur de nombreuses espèces. Les résultats des études visant à valider la règle de Bergmann, qui stipule que les organismes vivant en climat plus froid ou à plus haute altitude auraient des corps de plus grandes tailles, ne sont pas cohérents d’une étude à l’autre. Nous avons vérifié si les lièvres d’Amérique (Lepus americanus Erxleben, 1777) suivaient la règle de Bergmann en examinant les différences de masse corporelle dans des données de six études publiées et pour 755 lièvres capturés de 10 populations réparties à la grandeur de l’Amérique du Nord, sur un territoire couvrant 26° de latitude nord. Nous avons aussi examiné différentes hypothèses concernant les variations de la masse corporelle de lièvres, touchant notamment à la rigueur de l’hiver, la durée de la période végétative, l’altitude et l’épaisseur de la neige. Nous avons constaté que la masse corporelle des lièvres varie dans toute leur aire de répartition, mais que les facteurs qui l’influencent diffèrent selon l’endroit. Dans les populations nordiques, les femelles suivent la règle de Bergmann, mais non les mâles. Dans les populations nordiques, la masse des mâles est reliée à l’épaisseur moyenne de la neige, alors que dans les populations méridionales, la masse corporelle des deux sexes est reliée à la durée de la période végétative. Ces différences représentent vraisemblablement des variations des facteurs influant sur la sélection. Plus précisément, au nord, une grande taille du corps est utile parce qu’elle facilite la conservation de chaleur pour faire face aux faibles températures hivernales, alors que dans le sud, elle est probablement due à un meilleur approvisionnement en nourriture associé à des périodes végétatives plus longues. [Traduit par la Rédaction] [show more]
ID: Learn to hunt and fish
Learn to hunt and fish
Type: Fact Sheet
Subjects: Hunting
Fishing
Fact sheet
Item
view first image of Learn to hunt and fish
Learn to hunt and fish
Type:Fact Sheet
Subject:Hunting
Fishing
Fact sheet
Description:Fishing and hunting have a total combined economic effect in Colorado of more than $3.2 billion. Fishing and hunting create more than 25,000 jobs, many in rural Colorado communities. Fishing and hunting licenses account for more than 40 percent of Colorado Parks and Wildlife’s (CPW’s) revenue and fund wildlife and fisheries management throughout our state. [show more]