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ID: Parasitic infection increases risk-taking in a social, intermediate host carnivore
Parasitic infection increases risk-taking in a social, intermediate host carnivore
Type: Article
Subjects: Parasitic infections
Toxoplasma gondii
Wolf
Cougar
Item 

        Parasitic infection increases risk-taking in a social, intermediate host carnivore    
Type:Article
Subject:Parasitic infections
Toxoplasma gondii
Wolf
Cougar

                    Description:Toxoplasma gondii is a protozoan parasite capable of infecting any warm-blooded species and can increase risk-taking in intermediate hosts. Despite extensive laboratory research on the effects of T. gondii infection on behaviour, little is understood about the effects of toxoplasmosis on wild intermediate host behavior. Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming, USA, has a diverse carnivore community including gray wolves (Canis lupus) and cougars (Puma concolor), intermediate and definitive hosts of T. gondii, respectively. Here, we used 26 years of wolf behavioural, spatial, and serological data to show that wolf territory overlap with areas of high cougar density was an important predictor of infection. In addition, seropositive wolves were more likely to make high-risk decisions such as dispersing and becoming a pack leader, both factors critical to individual fitness and wolf vital rates. Due to the social hierarchy within a wolf pack, we hypothesize that the behavioural effects of toxoplasmosis may create a feedback loop that increases spatial overlap and disease transmission between wolves and cougars. These findings demonstrate that parasites have important implications for intermediate hosts, beyond acute infections, through behavioural impacts. Particularly in a social species, these impacts can surge beyond individuals to affect groups, populations, and even ecosystem processes. [show more]                

ID: Partners in the Outdoors conference guide
Partners in the Outdoors conference guidePartners in the Outdoors conference
Type: Text
Subjects: Partners in the Outdoors conference
Item 
Partners in the Outdoors conference guidePartners in the Outdoors conference
Type:Text
Subject:Partners in the Outdoors conference

                    Description:Schedule of events for the Partners in the Outdoors conference                

ID: Patterns and processes of pathogen exposure in gray wolves across North America
Patterns and processes of pathogen exposure in gray wolves across North America
Type: Article
Subjects: Ecological epidemiology
Wolf
Item 

        Patterns and processes of pathogen exposure in gray wolves across North America    
Type:Article
Subject:Ecological epidemiology
Wolf

                    Description:The presence of many pathogens varies in a predictable manner with latitude, with infections decreasing from the equator towards the poles. We investigated the geographic trends of pathogens infecting a widely distributed carnivore: the gray wolf (Canis lupus). Specifically, we investigated which variables best explain and predict geographic trends in seroprevalence across North American wolf populations and the implications of the underlying mechanisms. We compiled a large serological dataset of nearly 2000 wolves from 17 study areas, spanning 80° longitude and 50° latitude. Generalized linear mixed models were constructed to predict the probability of seropositivity of four important pathogens: canine adenovirus, herpesvirus, parvovirus, and distemper virus—and two parasites: Neospora caninum and Toxoplasma gondii. Canine adenovirus and herpesvirus were the most widely distributed pathogens, whereas N. caninum was relatively uncommon. Canine parvovirus and distemper had high annual variation, with western populations experiencing more frequent outbreaks than eastern populations. Seroprevalence of all infections increased as wolves aged, and denser wolf populations had a greater risk of exposure. Probability of exposure was positively correlated with human density, suggesting that dogs and synanthropic animals may be important pathogen reservoirs. Pathogen exposure did not appear to follow a latitudinal gradient, with the exception of N. caninum. Instead, clustered study areas were more similar: wolves from the Great Lakes region had lower odds of exposure to the viruses, but higher odds of exposure to N. caninum and T. gondii; the opposite was true for wolves from the central Rocky Mountains. Overall, mechanistic predictors were more informative of seroprevalence trends than latitude and longitude. Individual host characteristics as well as inherent features of ecosystems determined pathogen exposure risk on a large scale. This work emphasizes the importance of biogeographic wildlife surveillance, and we expound upon avenues of future research of cross-species transmission, spillover, and spatial variation in pathogen infection. [show more]                

ID: Pete Cadmus
Pete Cadmus

Type: 
Subjects: 
Item 

        Pete Cadmus

    

                    Description:Aquatic Toxicology Research ScientistEducation
Ph.D., Ecology — Colorado State University, 2017
M.S., Fish, Wildlife & Conservation Biology — Colorado State University, 2011
B.S. in Natural Resource Management, B.S. in Biology, and B.S. in Public Administration and Policy Analysis — University of Wisconsin-Stevens Point, 2001
Secondary (6th-12th) Teaching License — Colorado State University, 2005
NR-EMT
Current or Recent Positions
Aquatic Toxicology Research Scientist — Colorado Parks and Wildlife, 2014-Present
Aquatic Ecotoxicology Research Associate & Course Instructor — Colorado State University, 2007-2013
Benthic Macroinvertebrate and Stream Ecology Researcher — Colorado Parks and Wildlife, 2011-2012
Stream Restoration Ecology and Toxicology Researcher — Colorado Parks and Wildlife, 2010-2011
Benthic Ecology Consultant — US Fish Wildlife Service, 2010
Radio Chemist — Paragon Analytics, Fort Collins, CO, 2001-2003
Selected PublicationsCadmus, P., R. J. Friebertshauser, N. Rhein, S. F. Brinkman, W. H. Clements. 2023. Subcellular Accumulation and Depuration of Zinc in Periphytic Algae during Episodic and Continuous Exposures. Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology. 84:188–198.Kotalik, C.J., J. S. Meyer, P. Cadmus, J. F. Ranville, and W. H. Cements. 2023. Integrated assessment of chemical and biological recovery after diversion and treatment of acid mine drainage in a Rocky Mountain stream. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry. 42: 512-524.Riepe, T. B., Z. E. Hooley-Underwood, R. E. McDevitt, A. Sralik, and P. Cadmus. 2023. Increased density of Bluehead Sucker larvae decreases critical thermal maximum. North American Journal of Fisheries Management. Kingcade, A., N. Ahuja, A. Jefferson, P. A. Schaffer, H. Ryschon, P. Cadmus, D. Garrity, H. Ramsdell. 2021. Morbidity and mortality in Danio rerio and Pimephales promelas exposed to antilipidemic drug mixtures (fibrates and statins) during embryogenesis: Comprehensive assessment via ante and post mortem endpoints. Chemosphere. 263(127911). Kotalik, C. J., P. Cadmus, W. H. Clements. 2021. Before-After Control-Impact field surveys and novel experimental approaches provide valuable insights for characterizing stream recovery from acid mine drainage. Science of the Total Environment. 771(145419). doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.145419Cadmus, P., C. J. Kotalik, A. L. Jefferson, S. H. Wheeler, A. E. McMahon, and W. H. Clements. 2020. Size-dependent sensitivity of aquatic insects to metals. Environmental Science & Technology. 54:955-964. Clements, W. H., P. Cadmus, C. J. Kotalik, B. A. Wolff. 2019. Context‐Dependent Responses of Aquatic Insects to Metals and Metal Mixtures: A quantitative analysis summarizing 24 yr of stream mesocosm experiments. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry. 38:2486-2496.Fetherman, E. R., P. Cadmus, A. L. Jefferson, and M. K. Hura. 2019. Increasing copper concentrations do not affect Myxobolus cerebralis triactinomyxon viability. Journal of Fish Diseases 42:1327-1331. Kotalik, C. J., P. Cadmus, W. H. Clements. 2019. Indirect Effects of Iron Oxide on Stream Benthic Communities: Capturing Ecological Complexity with Controlled Mesocosm Experiments. Environmental Science & Technology. 53:11532-11540. Cadmus, P., S. F. Brinkman and M. K. May. 2018. Chronic toxicity of ferric iron for North American aquatic organisms: derivation of a chronic water quality criterion using single species and mesocosm data. Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 74: 605-615. Cadmus, P., H. Guasch, A. T. Herdrich, B. Bonet, G. Urrea and W. H. Clements. 2018. Structural and functional responses of periphyton and macroinvertebrate communities to ferric Fe, Cu, and Zn in stream mesocosms. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 37: 1320-1329. Kotalik, C. J., W. H. Clements, and P. Cadmus. 2017. Effects of magnesium chloride road deicer on montane stream benthic communities. Hydrobiologia. 799:193-202.Cadmus P., W. H. Clements, J. L. Williamson, J. F. Ranville, J. S. Meyer, and M. J. Gutierrez Gines. 2016. The Use of Field and Mesocosm Experiments to Quantify Effects of Physical and Chemical Stressors in Mining-Contaminated Streams. Environmental Science and Technology. 50:7825-7833.Cadmus, P., J. P. F. Pomeranz, and J. M. Kraus. 2016. Low-cost floating emergence net and bottle trap: comparison of two designs. Journal of Freshwater Ecology. 31:653-658.
Iwasaki Y, P. Cadmus, and W. H. Clements. 2013. Comparison of different predictors of exposure for modeling impacts of metal mixtures on macroinvertebrates in stream microcosms. Aquatic Toxicology. 132: 151-156.
Clements W. H., P. Cadmus P, and S. F. Brinkman. 2013. Responses of aquatic insects to Cu and Zn in stream microcosms: Understanding differences between single species tests and field responses. Environmental Science & Technology 47:7506-7513.​
 [show more]                

ID: Phylogeography of moose in western North America
Phylogeography of moose in western North America
Type: Article
Subjects: Dynamics
Evolution
Genome
Mitome
Northwestern
Shiras
Taxonomy
Yellowstone
Item 

        Phylogeography of moose in western North America    
Type:Article
Subject:Dynamics
Evolution
Genome
Mitome
Northwestern
Shiras
Taxonomy
Yellowstone

                    Description:Subspecies designations within temperate species’ ranges often reflect populations that were isolated by past continental glaciation, and glacial vicariance is believed to be a primary mechanism behind the diversification of several subspecies of North American cervids. We used genetics and the fossil record to study the phylogeography of three moose subspecies (Alces alces andersoni, A. a. gigas, and A. a. shirasi) in western North America. We sequenced the complete mitochondrial genome (16,341 base pairs; n = 60 moose) and genotyped 13 nuclear microsatellites (n = 253) to evaluate genetic variation among moose samples. We also reviewed the fossil record for detections of all North American cervids to comparatively assess the evidence for the existence of a southern refugial population of moose corresponding to A. a. shirasi during the last glacial maximum of the Pleistocene. Analysis of mtDNA molecular variance did not support distinct clades of moose corresponding to currently recognized subspecies, and mitogenomic haplotype phylogenies did not consistently distinguish individuals according to subspecies groupings. Analysis of population structure using microsatellite loci showed support for two to five clusters of moose, including the consistent distinction of a southern group of moose within the range of A. a. shirasi. We hypothesize that these microsatellite results reflect recent, not deep, divergence and may be confounded by a significant effect of geographic distance on gene flow across the region. Review of the fossil record showed no evidence of moose south of the Wisconsin ice age glaciers ≥ 15,000 years ago. We encourage the integration of our results with complementary analyses of phenotype data, such as morphometrics, originally used to delineate moose subspecies, for further evaluation of subspecies designations for North American moose. [show more]                

ID: Pigeon Paramyxovirus
Pigeon Paramyxovirus
Type: 
Subjects: 
Item 

        Pigeon Paramyxovirus    

                                    

ID: Pilot study to assess northern bobwhite response to short-duration intensive grazing on Tamarack State Wildlife Area
Pilot study to assess northern bobwhite response to short-duration intensive grazing on Tamarack State Wildlife Area
Type: Text
Subjects: Northern bobwhites
Northeast Colorado
Tamarack State Wildlife Area
Wildlife management
Item 

        Pilot study to assess northern bobwhite response to short-duration intensive grazing on Tamarack State Wildlife Area    
Type:Text
Subject:Northern bobwhites
Northeast Colorado
Tamarack State Wildlife Area
Wildlife management

                    Description:Widespread suppression of historic disturbance regimes have reduced heterogeneity in vegetation communities on which many wildlife rely for various life events and stages. Northern bobwhites require areas of thicker grass cover for nesting within close proximity to more open areas with bare ground and abundant food producing forbs for brood rearing and feeding. Altered or eliminated vegetation disturbance has been implicated in the rangewide decline of northern bobwhite populations. Lack of disturbance on state wildlife areas in Northeast Colorado has caused the vegetation to become uniformly dense and tall which is likely not meeting the needs of all parts of the northern bobwhite life cycle. Some type of disturbance is required to reduce the vegetation biomass and create some of the open structure on which bobwhites rely. Grazing represents one of the only options for disturbance at Tamarack State Wildlife Area and other similar riparian areas in northeast Colorado. Whereas unmanaged continuous grazing has been linked to degradation of bobwhite habitat quality, short-duration intensive grazing holds promise to reduce the vegetation biomass and rejuvenate the habitat to become more attractive to bobwhites. [show more]                

ID: Pilot study to evaluate avian response to conservation reserve program mid-contract management practices in northeastern Colorado
Pilot study to evaluate avian response to conservation reserve program mid-contract management practices in northeastern Colorado
Type: Text
Subjects: Conservation Reserve Program (CRP)
Northeastern Colorado
Birds
Wildlife management
Item 

        Pilot study to evaluate avian response to conservation reserve program mid-contract management practices in northeastern Colorado    
Type:Text
Subject:Conservation Reserve Program (CRP)
Northeastern Colorado
Birds
Wildlife management

                    Description:The Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) is a government program in which landowners are paid to maintain grass cover on land that was, and would otherwise be, used for row-crop agriculture. Overall, the CRP has had many documented benefits to wildlife, specifically grassland birds, many of which are experiencing range-wide declines due to habitat loss and degradation. However, as CRP fields age with no disturbance, litter increases, bare ground decreases, vegetation density increases, and plant species and structural diversity decrease, which can reduce the value of CRP fields to certain bird species. Therefore, beginning in 2004, some type of “mid-contract management” was required on CRP fields. In northeastern Colorado this management typically consists of haying, disking, or disking and interseeding with forbs. Although there is some evidence that disking and interseeding can provide benefits to ring-necked pheasants in other regions, we lack a thorough understanding of how these various management practices affect pheasants and grassland dependent songbirds in northeastern Colorado. In an effort to provide guidance to managers and landowners regarding grassland management on CRP fields in northeastern Colorado, we will monitor the response of pheasants and songbirds to the three most common CRP mid-contract management practices (haying, disking, disking & interseeding). [show more]                

ID: Pinyon jay breeding colony summary investigation Southwest Colorado 2020
Pinyon jay breeding colony summary investigation Southwest Colorado 2020
Type: Text
Subjects: Pinyon jays
<em>Gymnorhinus cyanocephalus</em>
Breeding status
Habitat
Southwest Colorado
Item 

        Pinyon jay breeding colony summary investigation Southwest Colorado 2020    
Type:Text
Subject:Pinyon jays
<em>Gymnorhinus cyanocephalus</em>
Breeding status
Habitat
Southwest Colorado

                    Description:Pinyon jays (Gymnorhinus cyanocephalus) are thought to be declining range-wide (Boone et al. 2018). Very little is known about their breeding status and habitat use in Colorado. In 2020, Colorado Parks and Wildlife examined six breeding colonies in Montrose and Delta counties to assess colony size and structure, hatching and fledging success, potential threats to reproductive output, and colony site fidelity. Six additional colonies located in western Colorado in 2019 were surveyed a single time during the breeding season to determine site fidelity. [show more]                

ID: Plague in Gunnison’s prairie dogs
Plague in Gunnison’s prairie dogs
Type: Fact Sheet
Subjects: Gunnison’s prairie dog
<em>Cynomys gunnisoni</em>
Plague
Fact sheet
Item 

        Plague in Gunnison’s prairie dogs    
Type:Fact Sheet
Subject:Gunnison’s prairie dog
<em>Cynomys gunnisoni</em>
Plague
Fact sheet

                    Description:Plague, caused by a non-native bacteria and carried by fleas can kill all prairie dogs in a colony, leading to local extinctions that threaten the overall survival of the Gunnison’s prairie dog (Cynomys gunnisoni) in Colorado. Unmanaged plague has the potential to reduce populations of the Gunnison’s prairie dog to the point that a listing as federally endangered or threatened becomes more likely. Such a listing would not only underscore the need for additional conservation, it could also limit land uses for agriculture and recreation. [show more]                