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Aquatic Research ScientistHydrologist, Stream Habitat Investigations

Contact Information

eric.richer@state.co.us

Education

  • M.S., Watershed Science — Colorado State University, 2009
  • B.S., Fisheries and Wildlife Biology — Kansas State University, 2001

Current or Recent Positions

  • Aquatic Research Scientist — Hydrologist, Colorado Parks and Wildlife, 2012-Present
  • Aquatic Instrument Engineer — Hydrologist, National Ecological Observatory Network, Inc., 2011-2012
  • Program Manager — Research Associate III, Colorado State University, 2009-2011
  • Graduate Research Assistant — Colorado State University, 2008-2009
  • Fisheries Management Specialist — US Peace Corps, 2004-2006

Current or Recent Research Projects

  • Upper Arkansas River Habitat Enhancement Evaluation
  • South Platte River Stream Restoration and Habitat Enhancement
  • Gunnison River and Riparian Rehabilitation Project
  • Aquatic Habitat Restoration Studies
  • Fish Passage and Barrier Studies
  • Whitewater Park Studies

Areas of Interest/Expertise

  • Hydrologic analysis and modeling
  • Aquatic habitat assessments
  • Stream restoration and habitat enhancement design
  • Project monitoring and evaluation

Selected Publications

Richer, E. E., S. Graf, and M. C. Kondratieff. 2024. Evaluating the performance of instream structures for a stream restoration project in Colorado. River Research and Applications 40(3): 308–321. Kotalik, C. J., B. A. Wolff, J. P. F. Pomeranz, E. E. Richer, and W. H. Clements. 2023. Bioenergetic responses of a stream food web to habitat restoration: interactions between Brown Trout and invertebrate prey resources. Restoration Ecology. Cubley, E. S., E. E. Richer, D. W. Baker, C. G. Lamson, T. L. Hardee, B. P. Bledsoe, and P. L. Kulchawik. 2021. Restoration of riparian vegetation on a mountain river degraded by historical mining and grazing. River Research and Applications 38:80-93.Richer, E. E., M. C. Kondratieff, G. Policky, M. D. Robinson, M. Atwood, and M. R. Myers. 2021. From gold mining to gold medal fishery: evaluating the fishery response to stream restoration on the upper Arkansas River, Colorado. North American Journal of Fisheries Management 42:24-36.Kowalski, D. A. and E. E. Richer. 2020. Quantifying the habitat preferences of the stonefly Pteronarcys californica in Colorado. River Research and Applications 36:2043-2050. Richer, E. E., E. R. Fetherman, E. A. Krone, F. B. Wright III, and M. C. Kondratieff. 2020. Multispecies fish passage evaluation at a rock-ramp fishway in a Colorado transition zone stream. North American Journal of Fisheries Management 40:1510-1522.Richer, E. E., E. A. Gates, M. C. Kondratieff, and A. T. Herdrich. 2019. Modelling changes in trout habitat following stream restoration. River Research and Applications 35:680-691.Richer, E. E., E. R. Fetherman, M. C. Kondratieff, and T. A. Barnes. 2017. Incorporating GPS and mobile radio frequency identification to detect PIT-tagged fish and evaluate habitat utilization in streams. North American Journal of Fisheries Management 37(6):1249-1264.Richer, E.E., M.C. Kondratieff, and B.D. Swigle. 2015. Post-flood recovery assessment and stream restoration guidelines for the Colorado Front Range. Colorado Parks and Wildlife, Fort Collins, Colorado.

Kondratieff, M.C. and E.E. Richer. 2014. Stream Habitat Investigations and Assistance, Job Progress Report. Colorado Parks and Wildlife, Fort Collins, Colorado.

Moore, C., S. Kampf, B. Stone, and E. Richer. 2014. A GIS-based method for defining snow zones: application to the western United States. Geocarto International 30(1): 62-81.

Kampf, S. and E. Richer. 2014. Estimating source regions for snowmelt runoff in a Rocky Mountain watershed: comparison of conceptual runoff models driven by snow cover or snow water equivalent. Hydrological Processes 28: 2237-2250.

Kondratieff, M.C. and E.E. Richer. 2013. Stream Habitat Investigations and Assistance, Job Progress Report. Colorado Parks and Wildlife, Fort Collins, Colorado. 103 pp.

Richer, E.E., S.K. Kampf, S.R. Fassnacht, and C.C. Moore. 2013. Spatiotemporal index for analyzing controls on snow climatology: Application in the Colorado Front Range. Physical Geography 34(2): 85-107.

Baron, J.S., C.T. Driscoll, J.L. Stoddard, and E.E. Richer. 2011. Empirical critical loads of atmospheric nitrogen deposition for nutrient enrichment and acidification of sensitive US lakes. Bioscience 61(8): 602-613.

Richer, E.E. and J.S. Baron. 2011. Loch Vale Watershed Long-term Ecological Research and Monitoring Program: Quality Assurance Report, 2003-09: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2011-1137, 22 p.

Richer, E., J. Botte, and J. Baron. 2011. Loch Vale Watershed Long-term Research and Monitoring Program: Methods Manual 2011. Colorado State University, 95 pp.

[show more]
Description:Aquatic Research Scientist Salmonid Disease and Sport Fish

Contact Information

317 W Prospect RoadFort Collins, CO 80526Office: 970-472-4436Cell: 970-481-3225E-mail:  href="mailto:Eric.Fetherman@state.co.us">Eric.Fetherman@state.co.us

Education

  • Ph.D., Fish, Wildlife and Conservation Biology — Colorado State University. 2013
  • M.S., Fishery Biology — Colorado State University, 2009
  • B.S., Fishery Biology — Colorado State University, 2006
  • B.S., Wildlife Biology — Colorado State University, 2006

Current or Recent Positions

  • Aquatic Research Scientist — Colorado Parks and Wildlife, 2011-Current
  • Graduate Research Assistant (Ph.D.) — Colorado Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, Colorado State University, 2009-2013
  • Graduate Research Assistant (M.S.) — Colorado Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, Colorado State University, 2006-2009
  • Teaching Assistant — Colorado State University, 2005, 2006, 2008, 2010, 2011

Current or Recent Research Projects

  • Whirling disease resistant rainbow trout introductions
  • ​Optimizing rainbow trout production in CPW hatcheries
  • Wild rainbow trout brood stock development
  • Wild trout population dynamics, survival and movement

Areas of Interest/Expertise

  • Fish disease
  • Fish physiology
  • Fish culture
  • Fish ecology​

Publications

Avila, B. W., D. L. Winkelman, and E. R. Fetherman. 2023. Biotic and abiotic factors affecting survival of two Rainbow Trout strains in streams in Colorado. North American Journal of Fisheries Management 43(3): 786-793. Erickson, T. A., G. J. Schisler, and E. R. Fetherman. 2023. Post-stocking survival and myxospore evaluation of whirling disease resistant rainbow trout strains. North American Journal of Fisheries Management 43:586-599.Fetherman, E. R., B. Neuschwanger, C. Praamsma, and T. Davis. 2023. Concentration, life stage, feeding, density, flow, and strain effects on formalin sensitivity in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Animals 13(15):2425. Kopack, C. J., E. D. Broder, E. R. Fetherman, R. M. Fitzpatrick, and L. M. Angeloni. 2023. Assessing antipredator behavior and the potential to enhance it in a species of conservation concern. North American Journal of Aquaculture 85:136-145.Kopack, C. J., E. R. Fetherman, E. D. Broder, R. M. Fitzpatrick, and L. M. Angeloni. 2023. The effects of abiotic enrichment and predator training on the behavior,morphology, and survival of a species of conservation concern. Conservation Science and Practice, e12999. Riepe, T. B., E. R., Fetherman, B. Neuschwanger, T. Davis, A. Perkins, and D. L. Winkelman. 2023. Vertical transmission of Renibacterium salmoninarum in hatchery-reared Cutthroat Trout (Oncorhynchus clarkii). Journal of Fish Diseases 46(4): 309-319. Avila, B. W., K. P. Huyvert, D. L. Winkelman, and E. R. Fetherman. 2022. Factors affecting post-challenge survival of Flavobacterium psychrophilum in susceptible Rainbow Trout from the literature. Pathogens 11:1318. Avila, B. W., D. L. Winkelman, and E. R. Fetherman. 2022. Dual resistance to Flavobacterium psychrophilum and Myxobolus cerebralis in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss, Walbaum). Journal of Fish Diseases 2022:1-13. Fetherman, E. R., and B. W. Avila. 2022. Habitat associations of rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss and brown trout Salmo trutta fry. Journal of Fish Biology 100:51-61.Riepe, T. B., V. Vincent, V. Milano, E. R. Fetherman, and D. L. Winkelman. 2021. Evidence for the use of mucus swabs to detect Renibacterium salmoninarum in brook trout. Pathogens 10(4), 460. Fetherman, E. R., B. Neuschwanger, T. Davis, C. L. Wells, and A. Kraft. 2020. Efficacy of Erymicin 200 injections for reducing Renibacterium salmoninarum and controlling vertical transmission in an inland rainbow trout brood stock. Pathogens 2020, 9(7), 547.

Richer, E. E., E. R. Fetherman, E. A. Krone, F. B. Wright III, and M. C. Kondratieff. 2020. Multispecies fish passage evaluation at a rock-ramp fishway in a Colorado transition zone stream. North American Journal of Fisheries Management 40:1510-1522.Fetherman, E. R., P. Cadmus, A. L. Jefferson, and M. K. Hura. 2019. Increasing copper concentrations do not affect Myxobolus cerebralis triactinomyxon viability. Journal of Fish Diseases 42:1327-1331. Avila, B. W., D. L. Winkelman, and E. R. Fetherman. 2018. Survival of whirling-disease- resistant rainbow trout fry in the wild: A comparison of two strains. Journal of Aquatic Animal Health 30:280-290. Hodge, B. W., E. R. Fetherman, K. B. Rogers, and R. Henderson. 2017. Effectiveness of a fishway for restoring passage of Colorado River cutthroat trout. North American Journal of Fisheries Management 37(6):1332-1340.

Richer, E. E., E. R. Fetherman, M. C. Kondratieff, and T. A. Barnes. 2017. Incorporating GPS and mobile radio frequency identification to detect PIT-tagged fish and evaluate habitat utilization in streams. North American Journal of Fisheries Management 37(6):1249-1264.

Fetherman, E. R., J. A. Wardell, C. J. Praamsma, and M. K. Hura. 2016. Critical dissolved​ oxygen tolerances of whirling disease-resistant rainbow trout. North American Journal of Aquaculture 78:366-373.

Kopack, C. J., E. D. Broder, E. R. Fetherman, J. M. Lepak, and L. M. Angeloni. 2016. The effect of a single prerelease exposure to conspecific alarm cue on poststocking survival in three strains of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Canadian Journal of Zoology 94(9): 661-664.

Stout, J. B., B. W. Avila, and E. R. Fetherman. 2016. Efficacy of commercially available quaternary ammonium compounds for controlling New Zealand mudsnails, Potamopyrgus antipodarum. North American Journal of Fisheries Management 36:277-284.

Fetherman, E. R., J. M. Lepak, B. L. Brown, and D. J. Harris. 2015. Optimizing time of initiation for triploid walleye production using pressure shock treatment. North American Journal of Aquaculture 77:471-477.

Kopack, C. J., E. D. Broder, J. M. Lepak, E. R. Fetherman, and L. M. Angeloni. 2015. Behavioral responses of a highly domesticated, predator naïve rainbow trout to chemical cues of predation. Fisheries Research 169:1-7.

Fetherman, E. R., D. L. Winkelman, L. L. Bailey, G. J. Schisler, and K. Davies. 2015. Brown trout removal effects on short-term survival and movement of Myxobolus cerebralis­­-resistant rainbow trout. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society 144:610-626.

Fetherman, E. R., B. W. Avila, and D. L. Winkelman. 2014. Raft and floating radio frequency identification (RFID) antenna systems for detecting and estimating abundance of PIT-tagged fish in rivers​. North American Journal of Fisheries Management 34:1065-1077.

Fetherman, E. R., D. L. Winkelman, M. R. Baerwald, and G. J. Schisler. 2014. ​Survival and reproduction of My​xobolus cerebralis resistant rainbow trout in the Colorado River and increased survival of age-0 progeny.​ PLoS ONE 9(5):e96954.​

Fetherman, E. R. 2013. Introduction and management of Myxobolus cerebralis-Resistant Rainbow Trout in Colorado​. Ph.D. dissertation. Department of Fish, Wildlife and Conservation Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO.

Fetherman, E. R., and J. M. Lepak. 2013. Addressing depletion failure and estimating gear efficiency using back-calculation of capture probabilities. Fisheries Research 147: 284-289.

Fetherman, E. R., D. L. Winkelman, G. J. Schisler, and M. F. Antolin. 2012. Genetic basis of differences in myxospore count between whirling disease-resistant and -susceptible strains of rainbow trout. Diseases of Aquatic Organisms 102:97-106.

Lepak, J. M., E. R. Fetherman, W. M. Pate, C. Craft, and E. I. Gardunio. 2012. An experimental approach to determine esocid prey preference in replicated pond systems. Lake and Reservoir Management 28:224-231.

Lepak, J. M., K. D. Kinzli, E. R. Fetherman, W. M. Pate, A. G. Hansen, E. I. Gardunio, C. N. Cathcart, W. L. Stacy, Z. E. Underwood, M. M. Brandt, C. A. Myrick, and B. M. Johnson. 2012. Manipulation of growth to reduce mercury concentrations in sport fish on a whole-system scale. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 69(1):122-135.

Fetherman, E. R., D. L. Winkelman, G. J. Schisler, and C. A. Myrick. 2011. The effects of Myxobolus cerebralis on the physiological performance of whirling disease resistant and susceptible strains of rainbow trout. Journal of Aquatic Animal Health 23:169-177. ​

Fetherman, E. R. 2009. Heritability of myxospore count and the effects of Myxobolus cerebralis exposure on the physiological performance of whirling disease resistant and susceptible strains of rainbow trout. M.S. thesis, Department of Fish, Wildlife and Conservation Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO. 

[show more]
Type: Article
Subjects: Cougar
Global Positioning System (GPS)
Predation model
Predation rate
Prey composition
Color
Wyoming
Type:Article
Subject:Cougar
Global Positioning System (GPS)
Predation model
Predation rate
Prey composition
Color
Wyoming
Description:We examined cougar (Puma concolor) predation from Global Positioning System (GPS) location clusters (≥2 locations within 200 m on the same or consecutive nights) of 11 cougars during September-May, 1999-2001. Location success of GPS averaged 2.4-5.0 of 6 location attempts/night/cougar. We surveyed potential predation sites during summer-fall 2000 and summer 2001 to identify prey composition (n = 74; 3-388 days post predation) and record predation-site variables (n = 97; 3-270 days post predation). We developed a model to estimate probability that a cougar killed a large mammal from data collected at GPS location clusters where the probability of predation increased with number of nights (defined as locations at 2200, 0200, or 0500 hr) of cougar presence within a 200-m radius (P<0.001). Mean estimated cougar predation rates for large mammals were 7.3 days/kill for subadult females (1-2.5 yr; n = 3, 90% CI: 6.3 to 9.9), 7.0 days/kill for adult females (n = 2, 90% CI: 5.8 to 10.8), 5.4 days/kill for family groups (females with young; n = 3, 90% CI: 4.5 to 8.4), 9.5 days/kill for a subadult male (1-2.5 yr; n = 1, 90% CI: 6.9 to 16.4), and 7.8 days/kill for adult males (n = 2, 90% CI: 6.8 to 10.7). We may have slightly overestimated cougar predation rates due to our inability to separate scavenging from predation. We detected 45 deer (Odocoileus spp.), 15 elk (Cervus elaphus), 6 pronghorn (Antilocapra americana), 2 livestock, 1 moose (Alces alces), and 6 small mammals at cougar predation sites. Comparisons between cougar sexes suggested that females selected mule deer and males selected elk (P < 0.001). Cougars averaged 3.0 nights on pronghorn carcasses, 3.4 nights on deer carcasses, and 6.0 nights on elk carcasses. Most cougar predation (81.7%) occurred between 1901-0500 hr and peaked from 2201-0200 hr (31.7%). Applying GPS technology to identify predation rates and prey selection will allow managers to efficiently estimate the ability of an area's prey base to sustain or be affected by cougar predation. [show more]
Type:Article
Subject:Bobcat
Camera trap
Density estimation
Fragmentation
Illinois
<em>Lynx rufus</em>
Spatial capture–recapture model
Trap array
Description:Camera-trapping data analyzed with spatially explicit capture–recapture (SCR) models can provide a rigorous method for estimating density of small populations of elusive carnivore species. We sought to develop and evaluate the efficacy of SCR models for estimating density of a presumed low-density bobcat (Lynx rufus) population in fragmented landscapes of west-central Illinois, USA. We analyzed camera-trapping data from 49 camera stations in a 1,458-km2 area deployed over a 77-day period from 1 February to 18 April 2017. Mean operational time of cameras was 52 days (range = 32–67 days). We captured 23 uniquely identifiable bobcats 113 times and recaptured these same individuals 90 times; 15 of 23 (65.2%) individuals were recaptured at ≥2 camera traps. Total number of bobcat capture events was 139, of which 26 (18.7%) were discarded from analyses because of poor image quality or capture of only a part of an animal in photographs. Of 113 capture events used in analyses, 106 (93.8%) and 7 (6.2%) were classified as positive and tentative identifications, respectively; agreement on tentative identifications of bobcats was high (71.4%) among 3 observers. We photographed bobcats at 36 of 49 (73.5%) camera stations, of which 34 stations were used in analyses. We estimated bobcat density at 1.40 individuals (range = 1.00–2.02)/100 km 2. Our modeled bobcat density estimates are considerably below previously reported densities (30.5 individuals/100 km 2) within the state, and among the lowest yet recorded for the species. Nevertheless, use of remote cameras and SCR models was a viable technique for reliably estimating bobcat density across west-central Illinois. Our research establishes ecological benchmarks for understanding potential effects of colonization, habitat fragmentation, and exploitation on future assessments of bobcat density using standardized methodologies that can be compared directly over time. Further application of SCR models that quantify specific costs of animal movements (i.e., least-cost path models) while accounting for landscape connectivity has great utility and relevance for conservation and management of bobcat populations across fragmented Midwestern landscapes. [show more]
Type:Article
Subject:Camera traps
Capture–recapture
Heterogeneous detection
Small population
Description:Conservation and management agencies require accurate and precise estimates of abundance when considering the status of a species and the need for directed actions. Due to the proliferation of remote sampling cameras, there has been an increase in capture–recapture studies that estimate the abundance of rare and/or elusive species using closed capture–recapture estimators (C–R). However, data from these studies often do not meet necessary statistical assumptions. Common attributes of these data are (1) infrequent detections, (2) a small number of individuals detected, (3) long survey durations, and (4) variability in detection among individuals. We believe there is a need for guidance when analyzing this type of sparse data. We highlight statistical limitations of closed C–R estimators when data are sparse and suggest an alternative approach over the conventional use of the Jackknife estimator. Our approach aims to maximize the probability individuals are detected at least once over the entire sampling period, thus making the modeling of variability in the detection process irrelevant, estimating abundance accurately and precisely. We use simulations to demonstrate when using the unconditional-likelihood M0 (constant detection probability) closed C–R estimator with profile-likelihood confidence intervals provides reliable results even when detection varies by individual. If each individual in the population is detected on average of at least 2.5 times, abundance estimates are accurate and precise. When studies sample the same species at multiple areas or at the same area over time, we suggest sharing detection information across datasets to increase precision when estimating abundance. The approach suggested here should be useful for monitoring small populations of species that are difficult to detect. [show more]
Type: Article
Subjects: Brucella abortus
Cervus canadensis
Cross-species pathogen spillover
Habitat selection
Human-wildlife conflict
Resource selection function
Wildlife disease
Type:Article
Subject:Brucella abortus
Cervus canadensis
Cross-species pathogen spillover
Habitat selection
Human-wildlife conflict
Resource selection function
Wildlife disease
Description:Wildlife reservoirs of infectious disease are a major source of human-wildlife conflict because of the risk of potential spillover associated with commingling of wildlife and livestock. In Montana, the presence of brucellosis (Brucella abortus) in free-ranging elk (Cervus canadensis) populations is of significant management concern because of the risk of disease transmission from elk to livestock. To help mitigate potential conflict, we identified how spillover risk changes through space and time using a combination of elk population, disease, and movement data. We developed resource selection functions using telemetry data from 223 female elk to predict the relative probability of female elk occurrence on a daily basis during the 15 February-30 June transmission risk period. We combined these spatiotemporal predictions with elk seroprevalence, demography, and abortion timing data to identify when and where abortions (the primary transmission route of brucellosis) were most likely to occur. Additionally, we integrated these predictions with spatiotemporal data on livestock distribution to estimate the daily risk of livestock encountering brucellosis-induced elk abortions. We estimated that a minimum of ~17,500 adult female elk lived within our study area, which resulted in a conservative estimate of ~525 brucellosis-induced abortions each year. We predicted that approximately half of the transmission events occurred on livestock properties and 98% of those properties were private ranchlands as opposed to state or federal grazing allotments. Our fine-resolution (250-m spatial, 1-day temporal), large-scale (17,732 km2) predictions of potential elk-to-livestock transmission risk provide wildlife and livestock managers with a useful tool to identify higher risk areas in space and time and proactively focus actions in these areas to separate elk and livestock to reduce spillover risk. [show more]
Type:Article
Subject:Calf-at-heel
Ground surveys
Detection probability (p)
Parturition
Recruitment
Description:Researchers and managers use productivity surveys to evaluate moose populations for harvest and population management purposes, yet such surveys are prone to bias. We incorporated detection probability estimates (p) into spring and summer ground surveys to reduce the influence of observer bias on the estimation of moose parturition dates in Colorado. In our study, the cumulative parturition probability for moose was 0.50 by May 19, and the probability of parturition exceeded 0.9 by May 27. Timing of moose calf parturition in Colorado appears synchronous with parturition in more northern latitudes. Our results can be used to plan ground surveys in a manner that will reduce bias stemming from unobservable and yet-born calves. [show more]
Description:

Led ByKen Logan​

​​Study AreaUncompahgre Plateau

Project StatusCompleted

Research Objectives

  • To test biological assumptions used by CPW to manage mountain lion populations with recreational hunting. 
  • To examine effects of sport-hunting on lion population dynamics.
  • To examine the genetics of a lion population.
  • To develop tools wildlife managers can use to estimate lion abundance.
  • To study lion diseases.
  • To develop strategies for managing lion populations.

Research Description

Colorado Parks and Wildlife managers need reliable information on mountain lions in Colorado in order to develop management strategies that work to address public concerns and maintain healthy lion populations. However, the knowledge and tools needed to do so were limited, promoting this 10-year project.

The purpose of this study is to learn how sport-hunting impacts mountain lion population dynamics, develop tools for estimating lion abundance, and to develop strategies for managing lion populations. This knowledge will be provided to wildlife managers and to the public for application to lion management and conservation.  

This project was designed with two 5-year periods, a reference period and a treatment period. In the reference period (completed 2004-2009), CPW closed the study area to mountain lion hunting. The reference period provided data on lion population dynamics without lion deaths caused by sport-hunting.  During this time, researchers collected data on population abundance, sex and age structure, reproduction, and sources of mortality.

In the treatment period (2009-2014), researchers are manipulating the mountain lion population with sport hunting. The hunting treatment is designed to test assumptions CPW applies to other lion populations managed with sport-hunting in Colorado. The same type of data collected in the reference period is being collected in the treatment period for comparison. 

In both study periods, researchers gathered mountain lion population characteristics by capturing, marking, radio-collaring, and tissue-sampling lions in the study area (e.g., skin, blood, saliva, tongues from dead lions). To date (August 2014), over 220 lions have been captured, marked, and sampled.

Moreover, in collaboration with researchers at Colorado State University and Oklahoma State University, CPW researchers have tested mountain lion tissues for diseases. CPW researchers are also collaborating with geneticists from Arizona State University to examine lion population genetics, relatedness, and reproductive success.

CPW expects the research findings to be applied to improve mountain lion management in Colorado and in public education and outreach. Associated Publications:Logan, K. A. and J. P. Runge. 2020. Effects of hunting on a puma population in Colorado. Colorado Parks and Wildlife.
[show more]
Type:Text
Subject:Greater sage-grouse
<div class="element-text"><em>Centrocercus urophasianus</em></div>
Parachute-Piceance-Roan (PPR) region
Wildlife management
Northwestern Colorado
Description:Implementing effective monitoring and mitigation strategies is crucial for conserving populations of sensitive wildlife species. Concern over the status of greater sage-grouse populations has increased range-wide and in Colorado due to population declines, range contraction, loss and degradation of sagebrush habitat, and potential for listing the species under the Endangered Species Act. Despite untested assumptions, lek counts are widely used as an index of abundance by state agencies to monitor sage-grouse populations. Lek locations are also commonly used to identify and protect important sage-grouse habitat. However, the use of lek counts and locations to monitor and manage sage-grouse populations remains controversial because it is unknown how closely lek-count data track actual changes in male abundance from year to year or if lek buffers are effective at protecting habitat for male sage-grouse during the breeding season. [show more]
Type:Article
Subject:Wolf
Genotyping
Cestode infection
Description:Helminth infections are cryptic and can be difficult to study in wildlife species. Helminth research in wildlife hosts has historically required invasive animal handling and necropsy, while results from noninvasive parasite research, like scat analysis, may not be possible at the helminth species or individual host levels. To increase the utility of noninvasive sampling, individual hosts can be identified by applying molecular methods. This allows for longitudinal sampling of known hosts and can be paired with individual-level covariates. Here we evaluate a combination of methods and existing long-term monitoring data to identify patterns of cestode infections in gray wolves in Yellowstone National Park. Our goals were: (1) Identify the species and apparent prevalence of cestodes infecting Yellowstone wolves; (2) Assess the relationships between wolf biological and social characteristics and cestode infections; (3) Examine how wolf samples were affected by environmental conditions with respect to the success of individual genotyping. We collected over 200 wolf scats from 2018–2020 and conducted laboratory analyses including individual wolf genotyping, sex identification, cestode identification, and fecal glucocorticoid measurements. Wolf genotyping success rate was 45%, which was higher in the winter but decreased with higher precipitation and as more time elapsed between scat deposit and collection. One cestode species was detected in 28% of all fecal samples, and 38% of known individuals. The most common infection was Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato (primarily E. canadensis). Adult wolves had 4x greater odds of having a cestode infection than pups, as well as wolves sampled in the winter. Our methods provide an alternative approach to estimate cestode prevalence and to linking parasites to known individuals in a wild host system, but may be most useful when employed in existing study systems and when field collections are designed to minimize the time between fecal deposition and collection. [show more]