<rdf:RDF xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#" xmlns:dcterms="http://purl.org/dc/terms/">
<rdf:Description rdf:about="https://cpw.cvlcollections.org/items/show/634">
    <dcterms:title><![CDATA[Mammals Research Projects pdfs (1991-2000)]]></dcterms:title>
    <dcterms:rights><![CDATA[<a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-NC/1.0/">No Copyright - Non-Commercial Use Only</a>]]></dcterms:rights>
</rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:about="https://cpw.cvlcollections.org/items/show/633">
    <dcterms:title><![CDATA[Karen Hertel, Research Librarian]]></dcterms:title>
    <dcterms:description><![CDATA[<p><strong>​​​​​​​Research Librarian</strong><strong>​​</strong></p>
<p><strong>Current or Recent Research Projects</strong></p>
<p>Maximizing access to CPW reports and other publications through cataloging, digitization, and collection management</p>
<p>Expanding access for CPW personnel&nbsp;to scholarly research resources&nbsp;</p>
<p><strong>Areas of Interest and&nbsp;Expertise</strong><strong>​</strong></p>
<p>In all the different libraries I've worked in, from elementary through academic, and now at CPW, a focus has been to help patrons access and use the best resources for their information need. Another area of interest is to continue to build and archive as complete a collection as possible of CPW publications, from the earliest days of the agency to the present. ​</p>
<p><strong>​​Education</strong></p>
<ul>
<li>M.S., Library and Information Science&nbsp;— University of Washington, 1994</li>
<li>B.A., Spanish — University of Utah, 1984&nbsp;</li>
</ul>
<p><strong>Current or Recent Positions</strong></p>
<ul>
<li>Research Librarian — Colorado Parks and Wildlife, 2022-Present</li>
<li>Ranch Manager - Ishawooa Mesa Ranch, 2010-2022</li>
<li>Ranch Manager - Dayton Creek Family Ranch, 2006-2010</li>
<li>Reference and Instruction Librarian - University of Idaho, 1998-2006&nbsp;</li>
</ul>]]></dcterms:description>
</rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:about="https://cpw.cvlcollections.org/items/show/632">
    <dcterms:title><![CDATA[Kayla Friedrich, Program Assistant]]></dcterms:title>
    <dcterms:description><![CDATA[<p><strong>Mammals Research Section Program&nbsp;Assistant</strong></p>
<p><strong>Responsibilities</strong></p>
<p>Regulatory and procedural compliance processes for Colorado Parks and Wildlife Animal Care and Use Committee,&nbsp;financial support,&nbsp;publishing support, and event planning.&nbsp;</p>
<p><strong>Education</strong></p>
<p>University of Alaska Fairbanks<br /><br /><strong>Areas of Interest and Expertise<br /></strong>"I have always been the person who looks at a chaotic, inefficient&nbsp;process and thinks, "How can we make this run better?" Where others struggle with organization, I thrive. My expertise lies in supporting program growth by effectively tracking budgets, streamlining outdated and inefficient processes, and innovating fresh ideas. There is nothing more rewarding&nbsp;to me than seeing a project through from start&nbsp;to finish. I love managing the back-end logistics, keeping everything organized, and ensuring deadlines are met."</p>
<p><strong>Current or Recent Positions</strong></p>
<ul>
<li><span>Program Assistant II, Mammals Research Program, 2026-Present</span></li>
<li><span>Administrative Assistant III, Habitat Partnership Program, 2024-2026</span></li>
<li><span>Administrative Assistant III, Vega State Park, 2022-2024</span></li>
</ul>
<p>​<strong>Contact Information</strong></p>
711 Independent Ave.<br />Grand Junction, CO 81505<br />]]></dcterms:description>
</rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:about="https://cpw.cvlcollections.org/items/show/630">
    <dcterms:title><![CDATA[Nathaniel Rayl, Wildlife Research Scientist]]></dcterms:title>
    <dcterms:description><![CDATA[<p><strong>Wildlife Researcher, Ungulates/Carnivores</strong></p>
<p><strong>Current or Recent Research Projects</strong></p>
<ul>
<li>​<a href="https://cpw.cvlcollections.org/items/show/id/672">Evaluating Factors Influencing Elk Recruitment in Colorado</a></li>
<li><a href="https://cpw.cvlcollections.org/items/show/676">Assessing Responses of Elk to Human Recreation in Colorado</a></li>
<li><a href="https://cpw.cvlcollections.org/items/show/677"><span>Spatiotemporal Effects of Human Recreation on Elk Behavior</span></a></li>
</ul>
<p><strong>Areas of Interest and&nbsp;Expertise<br /></strong>My research focuses on large mammal ecology and management, with an emphasis on spatial ecology, population dynamics, and predator-prey interactions.</p>
<p><strong>Streaming Videos<br /></strong><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HCA0KGOSdYc">Emblems of the West</a></p>
<p><strong>Select Publications<br /></strong></p>
<ul>
<li><span>Crews, S., N. D. Rayl, M. W. Alldredge, E. J. Bergman, C. R. Anderson Jr., E. H. VanNatta, J. D. Holbrook, and G. Bastille-Rousseau. 2025. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.71097">Hierarchy in structuring of resource selection: understanding elk selection across space, time, and movement strategies</a>. Ecology and Evolution 15:e71097. https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.71097</span></li>
<li><span>Crews, S., N. D. Rayl, M. W. Alldredge, E. J. Bergman, C. R. Anderson Jr., and G. Bastille-Rousseau. 2025. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-91947-4">Drivers of spring migration phenology in Rocky Mountain elk</a>. Scientific Reports 15:7807. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-91947-4</span></li>
<li>Bastille-Rousseau, G., S. A. Crews, E. B. Donovan, M. E. Egan, N. T. Gorman, J. B. Pitman, A. M. Weber, E. M. Audia, M. R. Larreur, H. Manninen, S. Blake, M. W. Eihholz, E. Bergman, and N. D. Rayl. 2024.&nbsp;<a href="https://cpw.cvlcollections.org/items/show/456">A multi‐property assessment of intensity of use provides a functional understanding of animal movement</a>. Methods in Ecology and Evolution 15:345-357. doi.org/10.1111/2041-210X.14274​</li>
<li>Egan, M. E., N. T. Gorman, S. Crews, M. W. Eichholz, D. Skinner, P. E. Schlichting, N. D. Rayl, E. J. Bergman, E. H. Ellington, and G. Bastille-Rousseau. 2024. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2656.14133">Estimating encounter-habitat relationships with scale-integrated resource selection functions</a>. Journal of Animal Ecology 93:1036-1048. https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2656.14133</li>
<li>Rayl, N.D., J.A. Merkle, K.M. Proffitt, E.S. Almberg, J.D. Jones, J.A. Gude, and P.C. Cross. 2021.&nbsp;<a href="https://cpw.cvlcollections.org/items/show/256#?c=&amp;m=&amp;s=&amp;cv=">Elk migration influences the risk of disease spillover in the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem</a>. Journal of Animal Ecology 90:1264-1275. https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2656.13452</li>
<li>Rayl, N.D., K.M. Proffitt, E.S. Almberg, J.D. Jones, J.A. Merkle, J.A. Gude, and P.C. Cross. 2019.&nbsp;<a href="https://cpw.cvlcollections.org/items/show/257#?c=&amp;m=&amp;s=&amp;cv=">Modeling elk-to-livestock transmission risk to identify hotspots of brucellosis spillover</a>. Journal of Wildlife Management 83:817-829. https://doi.org/10.1002/jwmg.21645</li>
<li>Rayl, N.D., K.M. Proffitt, E.S. Almberg, J.D. Jones, J.A. Merkle, and P.C. Cross. 2018.&nbsp;<a href="https://cpw.cvlcollections.org/items/show/258#?c=&amp;m=&amp;s=&amp;cv=">Estimating the risk of elk-to-livestock brucellosis transmission in Montana</a>. Montana Fish, Wildlife and Parks, Helena, MT, USA.</li>
<li>Rayl, N.D., G. Bastille-Rousseau, J.F. Organ, M.A. Mumma, S.P. Mahoney, C.E. Soulliere, K.P. Lewis, R.D. Otto, D.L. Murray, L.P. Waits, and T.K. Fuller. 2018.&nbsp;<a href="https://cpw.cvlcollections.org/items/show/259#?c=&amp;m=&amp;s=&amp;cv=">Spatiotemporal heterogeneity in prey abundance and vulnerability shapes the foraging tactics of an omnivore</a>. Journal of Animal Ecology 87:874-887. https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2656.12810</li>
<li>Morjan, M.D.*, N.D. Rayl*, P.W. Elkan, J.C. Deutsch, M.B. Henke, and T.K. Fuller. 2018. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s10531-017-1440-7">Armed conflict and development threatens some of Africa’s longest and largest ungulate migrations</a>. Biodiversity and Conservation 27:365-380.&nbsp;https://doi.org/10.1007/s10531-017-1440-7&nbsp;[*shared first authorship]&nbsp;</li>
<li>Bastille-Rousseau, G., J.A. Schaefer, M.J.L. Peers, E.H. Ellington, M.A. Mumma, N.D. Rayl, S.P. Mahoney, and D.L. Murray. 2018. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s00442-017-4017-y">Climate change can alter predator-prey dynamics and population viability of prey</a>. Oecologia 186:141-150.&nbsp;https://doi.org/10.1007/s00442-017-4017-y</li>
<li>Mumma, M.A., J.D. Holbrook, N.D. Rayl, C.J. Zieminski, T.K. Fuller, J.F. Organ, S.P. Mahoney, and L.P. Waits. 2017. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s00442-017-3971-8&nbsp;">Examining spatial patterns of selection and use for an altered predator guild</a>. Oecologia 185:725-735. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00442-017-3971-8&nbsp;</li>
<li>Bastille-Rousseau, G., J.A. Schaefer, K.P. Lewis, M.A. Mumma, E.H. Ellington, N.D. Rayl, S.P. Mahoney, D. Pouliot, and D.L. Murray. 2016. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2656.12466">Phase-dependent climate-predator interactions explain three decades of variation in neonatal caribou survival.</a> Journal of Animal Ecology 85:445-456. https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2656.12466</li>
<li>Bastille-Rousseau, G., N.D. Rayl, E.H. Ellington, J.A. Schaefer, M.J.L. Peers, M.A. Mumma, S.P. Mahoney, and D.L. Murray. 2016. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1139/cjz-2015-0127">Temporal variation in habitat use, co-occurrence, and risk among generalist predators and a shared prey</a>. Canadian Journal of Zoology 94:191-198.&nbsp;https://doi.org/10.1139/cjz-2015-0127</li>
<li>Bastille-Rousseau, G., J.R. Potts, J.A. Schaefer, M.A. Lewis, E.H. Ellington, N.D. Rayl, S.P. Mahoney, and D.L. Murray. 2015. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1111/ecog.01305">Unveiling trade-offs in resource selection of migratory caribou using a mechanistic movement model of availability</a>. Ecography 38:1049-1059.&nbsp;https://doi.org/10.1111/ecog.01305</li>
<li>Rayl, N.D., T.K. Fuller, J.F. Organ, J.E. McDonald, Jr., R.D. Otto, G. Bastille-Rousseau, C.E. Soulliere, and S.P. Mahoney. 2015. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/jwmg.936">Spatiotemporal variation in the distribution of potential predators of a resource pulse: black bears and caribou calves in Newfoundland</a>. Journal of Wildlife Management 79:1041-1050.&nbsp; &nbsp;https://doi.org/10.1002/jwmg.936 [Cover article]</li>
<li>Rayl, N.D., T.K. Fuller, J.F. Organ, J.E. McDonald, Jr., R.D. Otto, and S.P. Mahoney. 2014. <a href="https://doi.org/10.2981/wlb.00020">Den abandonment and transitional day bed use by black bears Ursus americanus in Newfoundland</a>. Wildlife Biology 20:222-228.&nbsp;https://doi.org/10.2981/wlb.00020</li>
<li>Rayl, N.D., T.K. Fuller, J.F. Organ, J.E. McDonald, Jr., S.P. Mahoney, C. Soulliere, S.E. Gullage, T. Hodder, F. Norman, T. Porter, G. Bastille-Rousseau, J.A. Schaefer, and D.L. Murray. 2014. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1644/13-MAMM-A-133.1">Mapping the distribution of a prey resource: neonate caribou in Newfoundland</a>. Journal of Mammalogy 95:328-339.&nbsp;https://doi.org/10.1644/13-MAMM-A-133.1</li>
<li>Sitompul, A.F., C.R. Griffin, N.D. Rayl, and T.K. Fuller. 2013. <a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/ani3030670">Spatial and temporal habitat use of an Asian elephant in Sumatra</a>. Animals 3:670-679. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani3030670</li>
<li>Fuller, T.K., S.M. Matthews, S.S. Stevens, N.D. Rayl, C.J. Zieminski, A.R. Whiteley, P.R. Sievert, J.F. Organ, and M.W. Gabriel. 2010. Book review: <a href="https://doi.org/10.7589/0090-3558-46.3.1055">Noninvasive survey methods for carnivores</a>. Journal of Wildlife Diseases 46:1055-1058.​&nbsp;https://doi.org/10.7589/0090-3558-46.3.1055</li>
</ul>
<p><strong>Educ</strong><strong>​ation</strong></p>
<ul>
<li>Ph.D., Wildlife, Fish &amp; Conservation Biology – University of Massachusetts, 2017</li>
<li>M.S., Wildlife, Fish &amp; Conservation Biology – University of Massachusetts, 2012</li>
<li>B.A., Philosophy – Haverford College, 2000</li>
</ul>
<p><strong>Current or Recent Positions</strong></p>
<ul>
<li>Wildlife Researcher – Colorado Parks and Wildlife, 2018-Present</li>
<li>Ecologist – U.S. Geological Survey, 2016-2018</li>
</ul>
<p>​<strong>Contact Information</strong><br />711 Independent Ave<br />Grand Junction, CO 81505</p>
Email:&nbsp;<a href="mailto:nathaniel.rayl@state.co.us">nathaniel.rayl@state.co.us</a><br />Phone:&nbsp;970-255-6121]]></dcterms:description>
    <dcterms:rights><![CDATA[<a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-NC/1.0/">No Copyright - Non-Commercial Use Only</a>]]></dcterms:rights>
</rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:about="https://cpw.cvlcollections.org/items/show/627">
    <dcterms:title><![CDATA[Gray Wolf Reintroduction pdfs]]></dcterms:title>
    <dcterms:description><![CDATA[PDF files for <a href="https://cpw.cvlcollections.org/exhibits/show/mammals-research/wolf-reintroduction">Gray Wolf Reintroduction: Resources</a> digital collection page.]]></dcterms:description>
    <dcterms:rights><![CDATA[<a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-NC/1.0/">No Copyright - Non-Commercial Use Only</a>]]></dcterms:rights>
</rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:about="https://cpw.cvlcollections.org/items/show/618">
    <dcterms:title><![CDATA[Mitigating Impacts of Energy Development on Piceance Basin Mule Deer Populations]]></dcterms:title>
    <dcterms:description><![CDATA[<p><strong>Lead Researcher<br /></strong><a href="https://cpw.cvlcollections.org/exhibits/show/mammals-research/item/463">Chuck Anderson</a></p>
<p><strong>Study Area<br /></strong>Piceance Basin — located between the cities of Rangely, Meeker and Rifle in northwest Colorado.</p>
<p><strong>Project Status<br /></strong>Completed:<a href="https://cpw.catalog.aspencat.info/Files/2707/ViewPDF"> Final progress report</a></p>
<p><strong>Research Objectives</strong></p>
<ul>
<li>To determine the effects of energy development on mule deer behavior and population trends.</li>
<li>To determine if habitat improvements benefit mule deer populations exposed to energy development activities.</li>
<li>To identify energy development practices that will minimize impacts to mule deer populations. ​​</li>
</ul>
<p><strong>Project Description</strong></p>
<p>Energy development in western Colorado has the potential to negatively impact mule deer populations. These impacts include habitat fragmentation and destruction, increased deer-vehicle collisions, increased noise levels, and more. Thus, this project aims to identify habitat improvements and energy development practices that will sustain mule deer populations for future recreational and ecological values.</p>
<p>Researchers selected the Piceance Basin as the project's study area because the basin contains some of the largest natural gas reserves in North America. Piceance is also home to one of Colorado's most important mule deer populations.</p>
<p>During this long-term project, researchers will track mule deer habitat use and behavior, observe animal health throughout the winter season, monitor fawn survival and estimate mule deer populations in the study area. Finally, researchers will determine the success of different habitat improvements in reducing disturbances caused by energy development and in improving winter condition of mule deer.</p>
<p>The results of this project will show wildlife managers and energy developers if it is ecologically and financially valuable to mitigate disturbances in highly developed areas versus focusing efforts in nearby less or non-impacted areas.</p>
<p>Collaborators for this multi-million dollar project include BLM, Colorado State University, Idaho State University, and multiple energy corporations and sportspeople's organizations.</p>
<p>Resources:</p>
<ul>
<li>&nbsp;​​​<a href="https://cpw.catalog.aspencat.info/Files/3065/ViewPDF">West&nbsp;Slope Mule Deer&nbsp;Strategy​</a></li>
</ul>]]></dcterms:description>
    <dcterms:rights><![CDATA[<a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-NC/1.0/">No Copyright - Non-Commercial Use Only</a>]]></dcterms:rights>
</rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:about="https://cpw.cvlcollections.org/items/show/602">
    <dcterms:title><![CDATA[Mat Alldredge, Senior Wildlife Research Scientist]]></dcterms:title>
    <dcterms:description><![CDATA[<p><strong>Senior Wildlife Research Scientist, Carnivores </strong><strong>​</strong></p>
<p><strong>Current or Recent Research Projects</strong></p>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://cpw.cvlcollections.org/items/show/658">Using Non-Invasive Genetic Sampling to Estimate Mountain Lion and Bobcat Abundance, Age Structure and Diet</a></li>
<li><a href="https://cpw.cvlcollections.org/items/show/657">Mountain Lion Demographics and Human Interactions Along the Urban-Exurban Front Range</a></li>
</ul>
<p><strong>Areas of Interest and&nbsp;Expertise</strong></p>
<p>My research interest focuses on large carnivore and ungulate ecology, population parameter estimation, habitat use, avian ecology and population sampling.&nbsp;</p>
<p><strong>Streaming Videos</strong></p>
<p>Mountain lions in Colorado – a 4 part series</p>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=M2Z4iX-RWjs">Series Trailer</a></li>
<li><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2AF1T8UFTck">Part&nbsp;1: Mountain Lion Biology &amp; Historical Perspective</a>&nbsp;</li>
<li><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eCphy8JsP40">Part 2: Mountain Lion Habitat &amp; Human Expansion</a>&nbsp;</li>
<li><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lwHDw3i3OAg">Part 3: Hunting</a></li>
<li><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YwMRQIA6KFY">Part 4: What to do if you encounter a mountain lion</a></li>
<li><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yNMJElR2pWA">Colorado Mountain Lions</a>&nbsp;(all 4 videos combined)</li>
</ul>
<p><strong>Select&nbsp;Publications</strong></p>
<ul>
<li>Crews, S., N. D. Rayl, M. W. Alldredge, E. J. Bergman, C. R. Anderson Jr., E. H. VanNatta, J. D. Holbrook, and G. Bastille-Rousseau. 2025. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.71097">Hierarchy in structuring of resource selection: understanding elk selection across space, time, and movement strategies</a>. Ecology and Evolution 15:e71097. https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.71097</li>
<li>Crews, S., N. D. Rayl, M. W. Alldredge, E. J. Bergman, C. R. Anderson Jr., and G. Bastille-Rousseau. 2025.&nbsp;<a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-91947-4">Drivers of spring migration phenology in Rocky Mountain elk</a>. Scientific Reports 15:7807. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-91947-4</li>
<li>Venumière-Lefebvre, C. C., H. E. Johnson, S. W. Breck, M. W. Alldredge, and K. R. Crooks. 2025. <a href="https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/ecology-and-evolution/articles/10.3389/fevo.2025.1657106/full">Bears avoid residential neighborhoods in response to the experimental reduction of anthropogenic attractants</a>. Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution 13:1657106. doi: 10.3389/fevo.2025.1657106</li>
<li>Fountain-Jones, N. M., S. Kraberger, R. B. Gagne, D. R. Trumbo, P. E. Salerno, W. C. Funk, K. Crooks, R. Biek, M. W. Alldredge, K. Logan, G. Baele, S. Dellicour, H. B. Ernest, S. VandeWoude, S. Carver, and M. E. Craft. 2021.&nbsp;<a href="https://cpw.cvlcollections.org/items/show/404">Host relatedness and landscape connectivity shape pathogen spread in the puma, a large secretive carnivore​</a>. Communications Biology 4:12.&nbsp;doi: 10.1038/s42003-020-01548-2.</li>
<li>Gagne, R. B., S., Kraberger, R. McMinn, D. R. Trumbo, C. R. Anderson Jr, K. A. Logan, M. W. Alldredge, K. Griffin and S. VandeWoude. 2021.&nbsp;<a href="https://cpw.cvlcollections.org/items/show/397">Viral sequen​ces recovered from puma tooth DNA reconstruct statewide viral phylogenies</a>. Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution 9:734462. doi: 10.3389/fevo.2021.734462​</li>
<li>Kraberger, S., N. M. Fountain-Jones, R. B. Gagne, J. Malmberg, N. G. Dannemiller, K. Logan, M. Alldredge, A. Varsani, K. R. Crooks, M. Craft, S. Carver, and S. VandeWoude. 2020.&nbsp;<a href="https://cpw.cvlcollections.org/items/show/83#?c=&amp;m=&amp;s=&amp;cv=">Frequent cross-species transmissions of foamy virus between domestic and wild felids</a>.&nbsp;Virus Evolution 6(1):vez058. https://doi.org/10.1093/ve/vez058</li>
<li>Bishop, C. J., M. W. Alldredge, D. P. Walsh, E. J. Bergman, C. R. Anderson Jr, D. Kilpatrick, J. Bakel, and C. Febvre. 2019.&nbsp;<a href="https://cpw.cvlcollections.org/items/show/112#?c=&amp;m=&amp;s=&amp;cv=">A noninvasive automated device for remotely collaring and weighing mule deer</a>. Wildlife Society Bulletin 43:717–725. https://doi.org/10.1002/wsb.1034</li>
<li>Trumbo, D. R., P. E. Salerno, K. A. Logan, M. W. Alldredge, R. B. Gagne, C. P. Kozakiewicz, S. Kraberger, N. M. Fountain‐Jones, M. E. Craft, S. Carver, H. B. Ernest, K. R. Crooks, S. VandeWoude, and W. C. Funk. 2019.&nbsp;<a href="https://cpw.cvlcollections.org/items/show/85#?c=&amp;m=&amp;s=&amp;cv=">Urbanization impacts apex predator gene flow but not genetic diversity across an urban‐rural divide</a>. Molecular Ecology 28:4926–4940. https://doi.org/10.1111/mec.15261</li>
<li>Alldredge, M. W., F. E. Buderman, and K. A. Blecha. 2019.&nbsp;<a href="https://cpw.cvlcollections.org/items/show/86#?c=&amp;m=&amp;s=&amp;cv=">Human–Cougar interactions in the wildland–urban interface of Colorado's front range</a>. Ecology and Evolution 9:10415–10431.&nbsp; https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.5559</li>
<li>Alldredge, M. W., T. Blecha, and J. H. Lewis. 2019.&nbsp;<a href="https://cpw.cvlcollections.org/items/show/104#?c=&amp;m=&amp;s=&amp;cv=">Less invasive monitoring of cougars in Colorado's Front Range</a>. Wildlife Society Bulletin 43:222–230. https://doi.org/10.1002/wsb.971&nbsp;</li>
<li>Kechejian, S. R., N. Dannemiller, S. Kraberger, C. Ledesma-Feliciano, J. Malmberg, M. Roelke Parker, M. Cunningham, R. McBride, S. P. Riley, W. T. Vickers, K. Logan, M. Alldredge, K. Crooks, M. Löchelt, S. Carver, and S. VandeWoude. 2019.&nbsp;<a href="https://cpw.cvlcollections.org/items/show/87#?c=&amp;m=&amp;s=&amp;cv=">Feline foamy virus is highly prevalent in free-ranging puma concolor from Colorado, Florida and Southern California</a>. Viruses 11:359. https://doi.org/10.3390/v11040359</li>
<li>Kirby, R., H. E. Johnson, M. W. Alldredge, and J. N. Pauli. 2019.&nbsp;<a href="https://cpw.cvlcollections.org/items/show/84#?c=&amp;m=&amp;s=&amp;cv=">The cascading effects of human food on hibernation and cellular aging in free-ranging black bears</a>. Scientific Reports 9:2197. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-38937-5</li>
<li>Peterson, M. E., C. R. Anderson Jr, M. W. Alldredge, and P. F. Doherty Jr. 2018.&nbsp;<a href="https://cpw.cvlcollections.org/items/show/110#?c=&amp;m=&amp;s=&amp;cv=">Using maternal mule deer movements to estimate timing of parturition and assist fawn captures</a>. Wildlife Society Bulletin 42:616–621. https://doi.org/10.1002/wsb.935</li>
<li>Buderman, F. E., M. B. Hooten, M. W. Alldredge, E. M. Hanks, and J. S. Ivan. 2018.&nbsp;<a href="https://cpw.cvlcollections.org/items/show/89#?c=&amp;m=&amp;s=&amp;cv=">Time-varying predatory behavior is primary predictor of fine-scale movement of wildland-urban cougars</a>. Movement Ecology 6:22. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40462-018-0140-6</li>
<li>Blecha, K. A., R. B. Boone, and M. W. Alldredge. 2018.&nbsp;<a href="https://cpw.cvlcollections.org/items/show/90#?c=&amp;m=&amp;s=&amp;cv=&amp;xywh=-1931%2c-1%2c7260%2c4400">Hunger mediates apex predator's risk avoidance response in wildland-urban interface</a>. Journal of Animal Ecology 87:609–622. https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2656.12801</li>
<li>Lewis, J. S., K. A. Logan, M. W. Alldredge, S. Carver, S. N. Bevins, M. Lappin, S. VandeWoude, and K. R. Crooks. 2017.&nbsp;<a href="https://cpw.cvlcollections.org/items/show/91#?c=&amp;m=&amp;s=&amp;cv=">The effects of demographic, social, and environmental characteristics on pathogen prevalence in wild felids across a gradient of urbanization</a>. PLoS One 12(11):e0187035. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0187035</li>
<li>Lewis, J. S., K. A. Logan, M. W. Alldredge, D. M. Theobald, S. VandeWoude, and K. R. Crooks. 2017.&nbsp;<a href="https://cpw.cvlcollections.org/items/show/93#?c=&amp;m=&amp;s=&amp;cv=">Contact networks reveal potential for interspecific interactions of sympatric wild felids driven by space use</a>. Ecosphere 8(3):e01707. https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.1707</li>
<li>Kirby, R., M. W. Alldredge, and J. N. Pauli. 2017.&nbsp;<a href="https://cpw.cvlcollections.org/items/show/92#?c=&amp;m=&amp;s=&amp;cv=">Environmental, not individual, factors drive markers of biological aging in black bear</a>s. Evolutionary Ecology 31:571–584. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10682-017-9885-4</li>
<li>Moss, W. E., M. W. Alldredge, K. A. Logan, and J. N. Pauli. 2016.&nbsp;<a href="https://cpw.cvlcollections.org/items/show/94#?c=&amp;m=&amp;s=&amp;cv=">Human expansion precipitates niche expansion for an opportunistic apex predator (<em>Puma concolor</em>)</a>. Scientific Reports 6:39639. https://doi.org/10.1038/srep39639</li>
<li>Kirby, R., M. W. Alldredge, and J. N. Pauli. 2016.&nbsp;<a href="https://cpw.cvlcollections.org/items/show/95#?c=&amp;m=&amp;s=&amp;cv=">The diet of black bears tracks the human footprint across a rapidly developing landscape</a>. Biological Conservation 200:51–59. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2016.05.012</li>
<li>Moss, W. E., M. W. Alldredge, and J. N. Pauli. 2015.&nbsp;<a href="https://cpw.cvlcollections.org/items/show/96#?c=&amp;m=&amp;s=&amp;cv=">Quantifying risk and resource use for a large carnivore in an expanding urban-wildland interface</a>. Journal of Applied Ecology 53:371–378. https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2664.12563</li>
<li>Lewis, J. S., K. A. Logan, M. W. Alldredge, L. L. Bailey, S. VandeWoude, and K. R. Crooks. 2015.&nbsp;<a href="https://cpw.cvlcollections.org/items/show/97#?c=&amp;m=&amp;s=&amp;cv=">The effects of urbanization on population density, occupancy, and detection probability of wild felids</a>. Ecological Applications 25:1880–1895. https://doi.org/10.1890/14-1664.1</li>
<li>Blecha, K. A., and M. W. Alldredge. 2015.&nbsp;<a href="https://cpw.cvlcollections.org/items/show/98#?c=&amp;m=&amp;s=&amp;cv=">Improvements on GPS location cluster analysis for the prediction of large carnivore feeding activities: ground-truth detection probability and inclusion of activity sensor measures</a>. PLoS One 10(9): e0138915. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0138915&nbsp;</li>
<li>Alldredge, M. W., D. P. Walsh, L. L. Sweanor, R. B. Davies, and A. Trujillo. 2015.&nbsp;<a href="https://cpw.cvlcollections.org/items/show/71#?c=&amp;m=&amp;s=&amp;cv=">Evaluation of translocation of black bears involved in human-bear conflicts in South-central Colorado</a>. Wildlife Society Bulletin 39:334–340. https://doi.org/10.1002/wsb.526&nbsp;</li>
<li>Hanks, E. M., M. B. Hooten, and M. W. Alldredge. 2015.&nbsp;<a href="https://cpw.cvlcollections.org/items/show/72#?c=&amp;m=&amp;s=&amp;cv=">Continuous-time discrete-space models for animal movement</a>. The Annals of Applied Statistics 9:145-165. https://doi.org/10.1214/14-AOAS803</li>
<li>Hooten, M. B., E. M. Hanks, D. S. Johnson, and M. W. Alldredge. 2013.&nbsp;<a href="https://cpw.cvlcollections.org/items/show/74#?c=&amp;m=&amp;s=&amp;cv=">Reconciling resource utilization and resource selection functions</a>. Journal of Animal Ecology 82:1146–1154. https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2656.12080&nbsp;</li>
<li>Hooten, M. B., E. M. Hanks, D. S. Johnson, and M. W. Alldredge. 2014.&nbsp;<a href="https://cpw.cvlcollections.org/items/show/73#?c=&amp;m=&amp;s=&amp;cv=">Temporal variation and scale in movement-based resource selection functions</a>. Statistical Methodology 17:82–98. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.stamet.2012.12.001</li>
<li>Bevins, S. N., S. Carver, E. E. Boydston, L. M. Lyren, M. Alldredge, K. A. Logan, S. P. D. Riley, R. N. Fisher, T. W. Vickers, W. Boyce, M. Salman, M. R. Lappin, K. R. Crooks, and S. VandeWoude. 2012.&nbsp;<a href="https://cpw.cvlcollections.org/items/show/77#?c=&amp;m=&amp;s=&amp;cv=">Three pathogens in sympatric populations of pumas, bobcats, and domestic cats: implications for infectious disease transmission</a>. PLoS One 7(2):e31403. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0031403&nbsp;</li>
<li>Horne, J. S., K. M. Strickler, and M. Alldredge. 2011.&nbsp;<a href="https://cpw.cvlcollections.org/items/show/78#?c=&amp;m=&amp;s=&amp;cv=">Quantifying the importance of patch-specific changes in habitat to metapopulation viability of an endangered songbird</a>. Ecological Applications 21:2478–2486. https://doi.org/10.1890/10-2328.1&nbsp;</li>
<li>Alldredge, M. W. 2011.&nbsp;<a href="https://cpw.cvlcollections.org/items/show/79#?c=&amp;m=&amp;s=&amp;cv=">Cougars on the edge</a>. The Wildlife Professional 5:72–76.&nbsp;</li>
<li>Simons, T. R., K. H. Pollock, J. M. Wettroth, M. W. Alldredge, K. Pacifici, and J. Brewster. 2009.&nbsp;<a href="https://cpw.cvlcollections.org/items/show/81#?c=&amp;m=&amp;s=&amp;cv=">Sources of measurement error, misclassification error, and bias in auditory avian point count data</a>. Pages 237–254 in Thomson D.L., E.G. Cooch, M.J. Conroy, editors. Modeling demographic processes in marked populations. Environmental and ecological statistics. Volume 3. Springer, Boston, USA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-78151-8_10&nbsp;</li>
<li>Bevins, S. N., J. A. Tracey, S. P. Franklin, V. L. Schmit, M. L. Macmillan, K. L. Gage, M. E. Schriefer, K. A. Logan, L. L. Sweanor, M. W. Alldredge, C. Krumm, W. M. Boyce, W. Vickers, S. P. Riley, L. M. Lyren, E. E. Boydston, R. N. Fisher, M. E. Roelke, M. Salman, K. R. Crooks, and S. VandeWoude. 2009.&nbsp;<a href="https://cpw.cvlcollections.org/items/show/80#?c=&amp;m=&amp;s=&amp;cv=">Wild felids as hosts for human plague, Western United States</a>. Emerging Infectious Diseases 15:2021–2024. https://doi.org/10.3201/eid1512.090526</li>
<li>Alldredge, M. W., T. R. Simons, K. H. Pollock, and K. Pacifici. 2007.&nbsp;<a href="https://cpw.cvlcollections.org/items/show/82#?c=&amp;m=&amp;s=&amp;cv=">A field evaluation of the effectiveness of distance sampling and double independent observers to estimate detection probability in aural avian point counts</a>. Avian Conservation and Ecology - Écologie et conservation des oiseaux 2:13. http://www.ace-eco.org/vol2/iss2/art13/</li>
</ul>
<p><strong>Education</strong></p>
<ul>
<li>Ph.D., Zoology and Biomathematics — North Carolina State University, 2004</li>
<li>M.S., Biomathematics — North Carolina State University, 2002</li>
<li>M.S., Wildlife Resources — University of Idaho, 1999</li>
<li>B.S., Mechanical Engineering — University of Colorado, 1994</li>
</ul>
<p><strong>Current or Recent Positions</strong></p>
<ul>
<li>Wildlife Researcher — Colorado Parks and Wildlife, 2006-Present</li>
<li>Post-Doctoral Researcher — USGS Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, North Carolina State University, 2004-2006</li>
<li>Carnivore Biologist —Wyoming Game and Fish Department, 1995</li>
</ul>]]></dcterms:description>
    <dcterms:rights><![CDATA[<a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC-NC/1.0/">In Copyright - Non-Commercial Use Permitted</a>]]></dcterms:rights>
</rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:about="https://cpw.cvlcollections.org/items/show/471">
    <dcterms:title><![CDATA[Ellen Brandell, Wildlife Research Scientist]]></dcterms:title>
    <dcterms:description><![CDATA[<p><strong>Current or Recent Research Projects</strong></p>
<ul>
<li>Wolf ecology
<ul>
<li>Wolf habitat selection and movement during re establishment in Colorado</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>Wildlife management
<ul>
<li>Statistical estimation of wolf abundance</li>
<li>Quantifying the effects of management practices and disease on wildlife harvest</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>Wolf-livestock dynamics
<ul>
<li>Identifying and examining potential nonconsumptive effects of wolves on cattle</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>Predator-prey dynamics
<ul>
<li>Examining wolf and hunter effects on elk movement, space use, and aggregation patterns</li>
<li>Quantifying conditions under which predators influence prey diseases​</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<p><strong>Areas of Interest and Expertise</strong><strong>​</strong></p>
<p>My background is in terrestrial wildlife ecology with a focus on carnivores (primarily gray wolves) and infectious diseases. I am interested in many facets of wildlife ecology, especially social behaviors, predator-prey interactions, population dynamics, and disease dynamics. My work intersects wildlife ecology, wildlife management, statistics, and disease ecology.​</p>
<p><strong>Select Publications</strong></p>
<ul>
<li>Draper, J. P., E. E. Brandell, J. Isabelle, C. Jacques, C. McCoy, E. Michel, D. J. Storm, C. Ott-Conn, B. Wojcik, W. C. Turner, and D. P. Walsh. 2025. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0324708">Doe diligence: a regional analysis of antlerless deer harvest regulations in the Midwestern United States of America</a>. PLoS One, 20(6): p.e0324708. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0324708</li>
<li>Inzalaco, H. N. t., E. E. Brandell, S. P. Wilson, M. Hunsaker, D. R. Stahler, K. Woelfel, D. P. Walsh, T. Nordeen, D. J. Storm, and S. S. Lichtenberg. 2024.&nbsp;<a href="https://cpw.cvlcollections.org/items/show/459">Detection of prions from spiked and free-ranging carnivore feces</a>. Scientific Reports 14:3804. doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-44167-7</li>
<li>Cubaynes, S., E. E. Brandell, D. R. Stahler, D. W. Smith, E. S. Almberg, S. Schindler, R. K. Wayne, A. P. Dobson, B. M. vonHoldt, D. R. MacNulty, P. D. Cross, P. J. Hudson, and T. Coulson. 2022. <a href="10.1126/science.abi8745">Disease outbreaks select for mate choice and coat color in wolves</a>. Science 378:300–303; DOI: 10.1126/science.abi8745</li>
<li>Meyer, C. J., K. A. Cassidy, E. E. Stahler, E. E. Brandell, C. B. Anton, D. R. Stahler, and D. W. Smith 2022.&nbsp;<a href="https://cpw.cvlcollections.org/items/show/378">Parasitic infection increases risk-taking in a social, intermediate host carnivore</a>. Communications Biology 5:1–10; doi.org/10.1038/s42003-022-04122-0</li>
<li>Brandell, E. E., M. K. Jackson, P. C. Cross, A. J. Piaggio, D. R. Taylor, D. W. Smith, B. Boufana, D. R. Stahler, and P. J. Hudson. 2022.&nbsp;<a href="https://cpw.cvlcollections.org/items/show/379">Evaluating noninvasive methods for estimating cestode prevalence in a wild carnivore population</a>. PLoS ONE 17(11): e0277420; doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0277420</li>
<li>Brandell, E. E., D. J. Storm, T. R. Van Deelen, D. P. Walsh, and W. C. Turner. 2022.&nbsp;<a href="https://cpw.cvlcollections.org/items/show/380">A call to action: standardizing white-tailed deer harvest data in the Midwestern United States and implicationsfor quantitative analysis and disease management</a>. Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution; https://doi.org/10.3389/fevo.2022.943411</li>
<li>Gilbertson, M. L., E. E. Brandell, M. E. Pinkerton, N. M. Meaux, M.&nbsp; Hunsaker, D. Jarosinski, W. Ellarson, D. P. Walsh, D. J. Storm, and W. C. Turner. 2022.&nbsp;<a href="https://cpw.cvlcollections.org/items/show/381">Cause of death, pathology, and chronic wasting disease status of white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) mortalities in Wisconsin, USA.</a>&nbsp;Journal of Wildlife Diseases 54:803–815; DOI: 10.7589/JWD-D-21-00202​​</li>
<li>​Brandell, E. E., P. C. Cross, D. W. Smith, W. Rogers, N. L. Galloway, D. MacNulty, D. R. Stahler, J. Treanor, and P. J. Hudson. 2022.&nbsp;<a href="https://cpw.cvlcollections.org/items/show/388">Examination of the interaction between age‐specific predation and chronic disease in the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem​</a>. Journal of Animal Ecology. 91:1373-1384, https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2656.13661​</li>
<li>Rogers, W., E. E. Brandell, and P. C. Cross. 2022.&nbsp;<a href="https://cpw.cvlcollections.org/items/show/389">Epidemiological differences between sexes affect management efficacy in simulated chronic wasting disease systems.</a>&nbsp;Journal of Applied Ecology 59:1122-1133. https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2664.14125​</li>
<li>Brandell, E.E., D. J. Becker, L. Sampson, and K. M. Forbes. 2021.&nbsp;<a href="https://cpw.cvlcollections.org/items/show/390">Demography, education, and research trends in the interdisciplinary field of disease ecology</a>. Ecology and evolution 11:17581-17592, https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.8466​</li>
<li>Brandell, E. E., A. P. Dobson, P. J. Hudson, P. C. Cross, and D. W. Smith. 2021.&nbsp;<a href="https://cpw.cvlcollections.org/items/show/392">A metapopulation model of social group dynamics and disease applied to Yellowstone wolves</a>. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 118(10), https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2020023118</li>
<li>Brandell, E.E., P. C. Cross, M. E. Craft, D. W. Smith, E. J. Dubovi, M. L.&nbsp; Gilbertson, T. Wheeldon, J. A. Stephenson, S. Barber-Meyer, B. L. Borg, and M. Sorum. 2021.&nbsp;<a href="https://cpw.cvlcollections.org/items/show/391">Patterns and processes of pathogen exposure in gray wolves across North America​​</a>. Scientific reports 11(1):1-14.​</li>
<li>DeCandia, A. L., E. C. Schrom, E. E. Brandell, D. R. Stahler, and B. M. vonHoldt. 2021.&nbsp;<a href="https://cpw.cvlcollections.org/items/show/393">Sarcoptic mange severity is associated with reduced genomic variation and evidence of selection in Yellowstone National Park wolves (Canis lupus)</a>. Evolutionary applications, 14(2):429-445, https://doi.org/10.1111/eva.13127</li>
<li>Brandell, E. E., N. M. Fountain‐Jones, M. L. Gilbertson, P. C. Cross, P. J. Hudson, D. W. Smith, D. R. Stahler, C. Packer, and M. E. Craft. 2021.&nbsp;<a href="https://cpw.cvlcollections.org/items/show/394">Group density, disease, and season shape territory size and overlap of social carnivores</a>. Journal of Animal Ecology, 90(1):87-101.</li>
</ul>
<p><strong>Education</strong></p>
<ul>
<li>Ph.D., Ecology&nbsp;–&nbsp;Pennsylvania State University, 2021</li>
<li>B.S., Wildlife Biology&nbsp;–​ University of Montana, 2015&nbsp;</li>
</ul>
<p><strong>Current or Recent Positions</strong></p>
<ul>
<li>Wildlife Research Scientist&nbsp;–&nbsp;Colorado Parks and Wildlife, 2022-Present</li>
<li>Postdoctoral Associate&nbsp;–​ Wisconsin Cooperative Wildlife Research Unit, Dept. of Forest and Wildlife Ecology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 2020-2022</li>
</ul>
<p><strong>Contact&nbsp;Information</strong></p>
<p>317 W. Prospect Rd.​<br />Fort Collins, CO 80526</p>
<p>Email:&nbsp;<a href="mailto:ellen.brandell@state.co.us">ellen.brandell@stat​e.co.us​</a></p>
<p>Phone:&nbsp;​970-698-0252</p>]]></dcterms:description>
    <dcterms:creator><![CDATA[Brandell, Ellen ]]></dcterms:creator>
    <dcterms:rights><![CDATA[<a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC-NC/1.0/">In Copyright - Non-Commercial Use Permitted</a>]]></dcterms:rights>
</rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:about="https://cpw.cvlcollections.org/items/show/469">
    <dcterms:title><![CDATA[Eric Bergman, Mammals Research Scientist]]></dcterms:title>
    <dcterms:rights><![CDATA[<a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC-NC/1.0/">In Copyright - Non-Commercial Use Permitted</a>]]></dcterms:rights>
</rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:about="https://cpw.cvlcollections.org/items/show/467">
    <dcterms:title><![CDATA[Effects of Habitat Treatments on Mule Deer Survival and Health During the Winter]]></dcterms:title>
    <dcterms:description><![CDATA[<strong>Led By:</strong> Eric Bergman<br /><br /><strong>Study Area:</strong> Uncompahgre Plateau and adjacent valleys in southwest Colorado&nbsp;<br /><br /><strong>Project Status:</strong> Completed&nbsp;<br /><br /><strong>Research Objectives:</strong>
<ul>
<li>To evaluate the impacts of large-scale vegetation habitat treatment on mule deer survival and health during the winter.</li>
<li>To develop habitat management strategies for the benefit of deer</li>
<li>To put research results into context with historical records and recent declines in mule deer herd populations.</li>
</ul>
<br /><strong>Project Description:</strong> Mule deer populations in Colorado have shown dramatic fluctuations since the 1960s. Beginning in the 1990s, some western Colorado mule deer herds demonstrated the most recent decline. For many decades, wildlife managers have used habitat management as a way to increase the health and survival of mule deer, but the effect of these efforts had not yet been evaluated. Evaluating these efforts was the focus of this 4-year study to measure the health and survival of mule deer herds during the winter months in areas treated with different levels of habitat management. <br /><br />In the course of this study, researchers monitored fawn survival, mule deer body conditions, and population densities in areas with different levels of habitat management. Habitat treatment varied from mechanical disturbance in the form of hydro-axe clearing and roller-chopping of late seral stage pinyon-juniper forests, chemical control of weeds, and reseeding with desirable mule deer browse species. <br /><br />The results of this study will help managers select the most effective habitat treatments to apply to mule deer winter ranges. <br /><br /><strong>Associated Publications</strong> <br />
<p>Bergman, E.J., C.J. Bishop, D.J. Freddy, G.C. White and P.F. Doherty. 2014.&nbsp;<a href="https://wildlife.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/jwmg.683?casa_token=oOwq6eff75wAAAAA:_n-WK8XMIhbdRhGqVnEZWr5DaH3jxdXzl2SwDvAwMosoUCyuvEjBTuooTZyWU0PvSsn_tJ3JCeWqukkLIQ">Habitat management influence overwinter survival of mule deer fawns in Colorado</a>. Journal of Wildlife Management 78(3):448–455.</p>
<p>Bergman, E.J. 2013.&nbsp;<a href="https://mountainscholar.org/bitstream/handle/10217/80138/Bergman_colostate_0053A_11827.pdf?sequence=1">Evaluation of winter range habitat treatments on overwinter survival, density, and body condition of mule deer</a>. Dissertation, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA, 137pp.</p>
<p>Watkins, B.E., C.J. Bishop, E.J. Bergman, B. Hale, B.F. Wakeling, A. Bronson, L.H. Carpenter, and D.W. Lutz.&nbsp; 2007.&nbsp;<a href="https://cpw.catalog.aspencat.info/Files/671/ViewPDF">Habitat guidelines for mule deer: Colorado Plateau shrubland and forest ecoregion</a>. Mule Deer Working Group, Western Association of Fish and Wildlife Agencies, Cheyenne, Wyoming, USA. 72pp.</p>
<p>Bergman, E.J., P.F. Doherty, G.C. White, and D.J. Freddy. 2014.&nbsp;<a href="https://wildlife.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/jwmg.801?casa_token=lp-e_ZNf7nQAAAAA:fa82cwar6uw2VstPf3IFHlhBMN8-tQqV5cLaNZA6DFMZgUsVw3yJMlvsv9ioVKrPI92SJjRYPnnL_-5K9g">Habitat and herbivore density: response of mule deer to habitat management</a>. The Journal of Wildlife Management 79:60–68.</p>
<p>Bergman, E.J., P.F. Doherty, G.C. White, and A.A. Holland. 2015.&nbsp;<a href="https://bioone.org/journals/Wildlife-Biology/volume-21/issue-1/wlb.00012/Density-dependence-in-mule-deer-a-review-of-evidence/10.2981/wlb.00012.full">Density dependence in mule deer: a review of evidence</a>. Wildlife Biology 21:18–29.</p>
<p>Bergman, E.J., P.F. Doherty,&nbsp; C.J. Bishop, L.L. Wolfe, and B. Banulis.&nbsp;2014.&nbsp;<a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4153590/pdf/pone.0106374.pdf">Herbivore body condition response in altered environments: mule deer and habitat management</a>.&nbsp;PloS one 9: e106374.</p>
<br /><strong>Resources<br /></strong><a href="http://hdl.handle.net/11629/co:34999_nr142w522014internet.pdf">West Slope Mule Deer Strategy</a>]]></dcterms:description>
    <dcterms:creator><![CDATA[Bergman, Eric J.]]></dcterms:creator>
    <dcterms:rights><![CDATA[<a href="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC-NC/1.0/">In Copyright - Non-Commercial Use Permitted</a>]]></dcterms:rights>
</rdf:Description></rdf:RDF>
